应急救援类防护服装发展现状与趋势

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20180306107

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升应急救援类防护服装的功能及舒适性能和优化设计提供基础数据和科学依据,从应急救援防护服的面料选择、服装结构设计以及主要测试方法3个方面,阐述了应急救援类防护服装的发展现状。归纳总结出应急救援防护服装设计的基本流程为确定应用需求、明确重点防护对象、设计初始方案、初始设计方案评价及确定最佳方案。指出目前应急救援防护服的研究瓶颈是功能兼顾困难、标准建立复杂以及舒适性评价精度控制难,预测了应急救援防护服在差别化高性能纤维、多功能智能化防护系统、更高的穿着舒适度以及健全规范的测试评价系统方面的发展趋势。

关键词: 防护服, 应急救援, 结构设计, 舒适性能

Abstract:

In order to provide basic data and scientific basis for improving the function and comfort performance of emergency rescue protective clothing and optimum design of products, the development status of emergency rescue protective clothing was expounded from fabric selection, clothing structure design and main test methods. The basic designing processes of the rescue protective clothing were summarized, i.e., identifying application requirements, identifying key protection objects, designing the initial scheme and determining the best solution. The research bottleneck of the present rescue protective clothing in difficult combination of different functions, complex standards, and poor control on the accuracy of comfort evaluation was presented. It was predicted that the difference and high performance fibers, multi-functional and smart protecting system, better wearing comfort, and a complete and standard evaluating system would be the developing trends.

Key words: protective clothing, emergency rescue, pattern design, comfort performance

中图分类号:

TS941.71

张海棠, 王宏付, 柯莹. 应急救援类防护服装发展现状与趋势[J]. 纺织学报, 2019, 40(01): 175-181.

ZHANG Haitang, WANG Hongfu, KE Ying. Current situation and trend of protective clothing for emergency rescue[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2019, 40(01): 175-181.

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危害因素	面料性能要求	面料或纤维选择
火患	耐高温、阻燃	多采用耐洗阻燃织物,如经阻燃剂整理过的纯棉布、化纤混纺布或用耐高温、阻燃纤维如诺梅克斯(Nomex)、芳砜纶等制成的织物。
水患	防水、透湿	多为涂层面料:超薄型橡胶涂覆织物、防水透湿涂覆织物;或通过据水整理的天然纤维或化学纤维混纺织物;目前应用广泛的美国研制的戈尔特斯(Gore-Tex)织物。
漏电	防静电	一般在纤维内部添加导电物质或抗静电剂或在纺织时加入导电纤维或超细金属丝等来取得抗静电效果。如棉/涤碳黑粒子混纺面料掺杂矿物颗粒,耐光性、热稳定性好,且功能持久,耐水洗。
有毒化学物质	耐腐蚀	纯毛紧密织物
有毒化学物质	防毒	多为隔绝型防毒织物和吸附型防毒织物。采用微胶囊技术和以聚烯烃、聚酯等惰性聚合物为原料的微孔中空纤维制成的解毒型防毒织物以及以TYVEK(特卫强)织物。

面料	干、湿情况下的弹性	干、湿情况下的耐磨性	吸湿性	尺寸稳定性	油污吸附能力	易洗、快干	抗皱性	手感
T/C 65/35防静电面料	一般	较好	一般	好	易吸附油污	较好	较好	刺拉感
CVC防静电面料	较好	一般	较好	较好	易吸附油污	一般	一般	柔软