纺织学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (06): 182-188.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190202007

• 纺织科技新见解学术沙龙专栏:安全与防护用纺织品及其防护技术 • 上一篇    

透气式球形活性炭化学防护服复合面料的制备及其性能

刘其霞1,2(), 周逸如1, 杨智联1, 王梅1, 季涛1,2   

  1. 1.南通大学 纺织服装学院, 江苏 南通 226019
    2.南通大学 安全防护用特种纤维复合材料研发国家地方联合工程研究中心, 江苏 南通 226019
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-16 修回日期:2019-03-12 出版日期:2019-06-15 发布日期:2019-06-25
  • 作者简介:刘其霞(1983—),女,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为新型碳材料的开发及应用。E-mail: lqx@ntu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0810303);国家自然科学基金项目(51702167);2018年江苏省大学生创新训练计划项目(201810304025Z)

Preparation and properties of spherical activated carbon-based composite fabric for permeable chemical protective clothing

LIU Qixia1,2(), ZHOU Yiru1, YANG Zhilian1, WANG Mei1, JI Tao1,2   

  1. 1. School of Textiles and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
    2. National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
  • Received:2019-02-16 Revised:2019-03-12 Online:2019-06-15 Published:2019-06-25

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摘要：

为制备兼具优良的防护性能和生理舒适性能的透气式化学防护服面料,在结构优化设计的基础上,采用4种不同球形活性炭(SAC)作为核心吸附材料,通过点黏复合技术开发出系列SAC复合织物作为化学防护服的中间吸附层材料,并借助扫描电子显微镜、比表面积及孔隙分析仪等对其结构和性能进行研究。结果表明:开发的SAC化学防护服复合面料通过防油-吸附机制实现防毒;综合成本、透气性、黏结牢度、防毒性能等指标,采用国产沥青基SAC做吸附剂制备的透气式化学防护服复合面料性能最佳,相应吸附层材料的面密度为386.6 g/m2,透气率达到 1 086.57 mm/s,球炭与复合材料基布的黏结牢固,洗脱率仅为0.87%,吸附容量保留率达到90.3%,该复合面料的“液-气”防毒时间大于48 h,“气-气”防毒时间为230 min。

关键词: 透气式化学防护服, 球形活性炭, 吸附层材料, 防毒性能, 防毒机制

Abstract:

In order to prepare permeable chemical protective clothing fabric with excellent protection performance and physiological comfort performance, based on structural optimization design, a series of intermediate adsorption layer materials were prepared by using four different spherical activated carbons (SACs) as core adsorption materials by point-adhesive composite technology. The structure and properties of the materials were studied by means of scanning electron microscope observation, specific surface area and pore structure analysis, etc. The results show that the chemical protective mechanism of the developed SAC-based chemical protective clothing fabric is oil repellence and adsorption. By overall consideration of multiple indicators such as cost, gas permeability, adhesion fastness, chemical protective performance, permeable chemical protective clothing composite fabric prepared using domestic pitch-based medium sphere SAC2 as adsorbent show optimal performance. The surface density and the air permeability of its corresponding adsorption layer material are 386.6 g/m2 and 1 086.57 mm/s, respectively. Moreover, the SAC spheres are firmly adhered to the base cloth with a washout ratio of 0.87% and its adsorption capacity retention ratio reaches 90.3%. The liquid-gas protection time is over 48 h and the gas-gas protection time is 230 min.

Key words: permeable chemical protective clothing, spherical activated carbon, adsorption layer material, chemical protective performance, chemical protective mechanism

中图分类号: 

  • TJ92

表1

不同球形活性炭的规格参数表"

试样编号 类型 产地 平均直径/mm
SAC1 沥青基小球 日本东京 0.34
SAC2 沥青基中球 中国上海 0.48
SAC3 聚合物基中球 中国山西 0.52
SAC4 聚合物基大球 中国山西 0.94

图1

透气式化学防护服复合面料结构示意图"

图2

不同球形活性炭的N2吸附-脱附等温线和孔径分布曲线"

表2

不同球形活性炭面料的比表面积和孔结构参数"

试样
编号		 比表面积SBET/
(m2·g-1)		 总孔容Vp/
(cm3·g-1)		 平均孔径D/
nm		 DFT全孔径分析
微孔率/% 中孔率/% 大孔率/%
SAC1 1 164.28 0.64 2.20 89.18 10.31 0.51
SAC2 1 054.25 0.56 2.12 94.30 4.60 1.10
SAC3 1 034.81 0.91 3.52 51.57 27.66 20.77
SAC4 872.90 0.82 3.76 51.79 32.15 16.06

图3

不同球形活性炭化学防护服吸附层材料的侧面扫描电镜照片"

图4

不同球形活性炭复合前后的苯吸附量"

图5

不同球形活性炭化学防护服吸附层材料的透气率和面密度"

图6

不同球形活性炭化学防护服吸附层材料的球炭洗脱率"

表3

不同球形活性炭生化防护服吸附层材料的“液-气”和“气-气”防毒时间"

所用球炭 “液-气”防毒
时间/ h		 “气-气”防毒
时间/ min
SAC1 >48 205
SAC2 >48 230
SAC3 >48 143
SAC4 >48 163
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pmid: 16956720
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