纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (03): 26-32.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190202707

• 纤维材料 • 上一篇    下一篇

聚丙烯腈/硝酸钠纳米纤维膜的制备及其压电性能

吴横1, 金欣1(), 王闻宇2, 朱正涛2,3, 林童2,4, 牛家嵘2   

  1. 1.天津工业大学 材料科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
    2.天津工业大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
    3.迪肯大学 前沿纤维研究与创新中心, 吉朗 VIC3217
    4.南达科他矿业理工学院化学和应用生物科学系, 拉皮德城 SD57702
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-18 修回日期:2019-12-15 出版日期:2020-03-15 发布日期:2020-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 金欣
  • 作者简介:吴横(1994—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为压电高聚物。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51103101);国家自然科学基金项目(51573136)

Preparation and piezoelectric properties of polyacrylonitrile/sodium nitrate nanofiber membrane

WU Heng1, JIN Xin1(), WANG Wenyu2, ZHU Zhengtao2,3, LIN Tong2,4, NIU Jiarong2   

  1. 1. School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    2. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    3. Future Fibres Research and Innovation Center, Deakin University, Geelong VIC3217, Australia
    4. Department of Chemistry and Applied Biological Science, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City SD57701, USA
  • Received:2019-02-18 Revised:2019-12-15 Online:2020-03-15 Published:2020-03-27
  • Contact: JIN Xin

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摘要：

为提高聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维膜的压电性能,将硝酸钠(NaNO3)掺杂到PAN中,利用静电纺丝技术制备了PAN/NaNO3纳米纤维膜。探究了NaNO3用量以及纺丝速度对静电纺PAN纤维膜压电性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、驻极体非织造压电性能测试系统以及压电测试仪对PAN/NaNO3纤维膜的表面形貌、构象和压电性能进行表征与测试。结果表明:将NaNO3掺杂到PAN中会导致纤维膜的平面锯齿构象含量增加,晶面间距减小,进而影响PAN纤维膜的压电性能;当NaNO3质量分数为0.9%、纺丝速度为1 000 mm/s时,纤维膜的压电性能明显提高,此时PAN/NaNO3纤维膜中平面锯齿构象含量最多,晶面间距最小,与未掺杂NaNO3的PAN纤维膜相比,此PAN纤维膜压电电压和电流分别提高了40%和174.53%。

关键词: 硝酸钠, 聚丙烯腈纤维膜, 纳米纤维膜, 静电纺丝, 压电性能

Abstract:

In order to improve the piezoelectric properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber membranes, sodium nitrate (NaNO3) was doped into PAN, and PAN/NaNO3 fiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning. The effects of NaNO3 content and spinning speed on piezoelectric properties of the electrospun PAN fiber membranes were investigated. The surface morphology, conformation and piezoelectric properties of PAN/NaNO3 fiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electret nonwoven piezoelectric performance testing system and piezoelectric tester. The results show that doping NaNO3 into PAN can increase the planar zigzag conformation content and decrease the crystal plane spacing, thus affecting the piezoelectric properties of PAN fiber membranes. In particular, when the doping amount of NaNO3 is 0.9% and the spinning speed is 1 000 mm/s, the piezoelectric properties of fiber membranes are improved notably. At the same time, the planar sawtooth conformation content of PAN/NaNO3 fiber membrane is the highest and crystal plane spacing is the smallest. The piezoelectric voltage and current of this PAN fiber membrane are increased by 40% and 174.53% respectively.

Key words: sodium nitrate, polyacrylonitrile fiber membrane, nanofiber membrane, electrospinning, piezoelectric property

中图分类号: 

  • TB34

图1

静电纺丝装置简图"

图2

压电元件示意图"

图3

压电测试原理图"

图4

不同质量分数NaNO3掺杂PAN纤维膜表面扫描电镜照片(×6 000)"

图5

不同质量分数NaNO3掺杂PAN纤维膜的红外谱图"

图6

不同质量分数NaNO3掺杂PAN纤维膜的XRD谱图"

图7

不同质量分数NaNO3掺杂PAN纤维膜的压电常数"

表1

不同质量分数NaNO3掺杂PAN纤维膜的压电性能"

NaNO3质量分数/% 压电电压/V 压电电流/μA
0 5.40 3.39
0.5 6.58 4.15
0.9 7.10 7.16
1.3 5.10 3.77
1.7 4.65 2.52

图8

不同转速下PAN/NaNO3纤维膜的扫描电镜照片(×6 000)"

图9

不同速度下PAN/NaNO3纤维膜的红外光谱图"

图10

不同纺丝速度下PAN/NaNO3纤维膜的XRD图谱"

图11

不同纺丝速度下PAN/NaNO3纤维膜的压电常数变化"

图12

不同纺丝速度下PAN/NaNO3纤维膜的压电电压和电流变化"

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