纺织基防弹防穿刺材料的研究回顾

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20190204507

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以纺织纤维和纺织结构为基础的柔性防弹防穿刺材料由于其轻质高强和可服用性而备受重视,为此,从纱线间的摩擦性能、防护组合体的准各向同性设计、杂化设计、三维纺织结构以及剪切增稠流体的使用等角度探讨了防弹材料的防弹效果。认为芳纶纤维和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的高强度、高模量以及由此产生的高能量吸收使得他们成为防护器材的主要原料。以经纬交织为特色的机织结构仍然是防护材料的基本结构单元,但研究内容已转向纤维强度的利用效率和经纬纱线之间的应力传播效能对防护性能的影响。准各向同性和杂交化的防护片设计被证明是提高防护性能行之有效的方法。不同类别的三维纺织结构及其复合材料的抗冲击、抗穿刺性能由于其结构一体性受到了研究者们的关注。非牛顿流体的使用有助于防穿刺性能的提高。

关键词: 纺织基防弹材料, 纱线间摩擦, 准各向同性和杂交化设计, 三维纺织结构, 非牛顿流体

Abstract:

Textile-based protective materials against ballistic and stabbing impact have drawn tremendous attention due to their high performance, lightweight and wearability. This paper reviews and discusses the performance of ballistic materials in relation to the inter-yarn friction within a constituent ballistic fabric, and quasi-isotropic design and hybrid design of the ballistic panels, the use of 3-D textile structures, and the incorporation of the shear thickening fluid. High strength, high modulus and the derived high impact energy absorption of aramid fibres and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibres made them the main types of raw materials for the protective equipment. Woven fabrics, featured by perpendicular interlacement between warp and weft yarns, remain to be main structure used for impact protection, with much attention focusing on efficiency of fibre strength utilization and on the stress propagation between warp and weft yarns. Quasi-isotropic and hybrid designs have been proven to be effective for protection enhancement. Various types of 3-D textiles and their composites are used to improve the protection performance because of the structural integrity. Use of non-Newtonian fluid has shown to lead to improved stabbing properties.

Key words: textile based ballistic materials, inter-yarn friction, quasi-isotropic and hybrid design, 3-D textile structure, non-Newtonian fluid

中图分类号:

TS941

陈晓钢. 纺织基防弹防穿刺材料的研究回顾[J]. 纺织学报, 2019, 40(06): 158-164.

CHEN Xiaogang. Trend of research in textile-based protective materials against ballistic and stabbing[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2019, 40(06): 158-164.

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纤维类别	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	强度/ (N·tex^-1)	弹性模量/ (N·tex^-1)	伸长率/%
Kevlar?? 29	1.44	2.0	49	3.8
Kevlar?? 49	1.44	2.1	78	2.4
Kevlar?? 149	1.44	1.7	115	1.3
Twaron??	1.44	1.7	60	3.6
Twaron?? HM	1.44	2.1	75	2.5
Twaron?? HT	1.44	2.4	85	3.3
Dyneema?? SK60	0.97	2.8	91	3.5
Dyneema?? SK65	0.97	3.1	97	3.6
Dyneema?? SK71	0.97	3.5	122	3.7
Dyneema?? SK75	0.97	3.5	110	3.8
Dyneema?? SK76	0.97	3.7	120	3.8
Spectra?? 900	0.97	2.6	75	3.6
Spectra?? 1000	0.97	3.2	110	3.3
Spectra?? 2000	0.97	3.4	120	2.9