纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (03): 20-25.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190406406

• 纤维材料 • 上一篇    下一篇

聚丙烯腈/聚氨酯透明膜的制备及其性能

李国庆1, 李平平1, 刘瀚霖1, 李妮1,2()   

  1. 1.浙江理工大学 纺织科学与工程学院(国际丝绸学院), 浙江 杭州 310018
    2.浙江理工大学 先进纺织材料与制备技术教育部重点实验室, 浙江 杭州 310018
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-23 修回日期:2019-12-18 出版日期:2020-03-15 发布日期:2020-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 李妮
  • 作者简介:李国庆(1994—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为多孔纤维膜结构和性能数值模拟。
  • 基金资助:
    浙江理工大学青年创新专项(2019Q024);浙江理工大学2019年优秀研究生学位论文培育基金项目(14090131731930)

Preparation and properties of polyacrylonitrile/polyurethane transparent film

LI Guoqing1, LI Pingping1, LIU Hanlin1, LI Ni1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Textile Science and Engineering(International Silk Institute), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
  • Received:2019-04-23 Revised:2019-12-18 Online:2020-03-15 Published:2020-03-27
  • Contact: LI Ni

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摘要：

为改善静电纺聚丙烯腈/聚氨酯(PAN/PU)纳米纤维透明膜的力学性能,在静电纺丝过程中采用旋转滚筒作为接收装置,并经热处理的方法制备取向性PAN纳米纤维增强PU基(PANNFs/PU)透明多孔膜。借助扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、多功能拉伸仪表征纤维膜的形态结构和力学性能,并讨论了不同纺丝转速对PANNFs/PU膜力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着接收滚筒转速的提高,PAN/PU多孔膜中纤维沿着滚筒旋转方向排列的趋势越来越明显;当滚筒转速为1 500 r/min时,PAN/PU多孔膜沿滚筒旋转方向断裂应力为103.3 MPa;当PANNFs-PU透明膜沿滚筒旋转方向的断裂应力达到306.8 MPa,垂直滚筒旋转方向的断裂应变达到163.1%,PANNFs/PU透明膜的力学性能相比于PAN/PU多孔膜显著提高。

关键词: 纳米纤维, 聚丙烯腈, 聚氨酯, 多孔膜, 透明膜, 静电纺丝

Abstract:

This research aims to improve the mechanical properties of polyacrylonitrile/polyurethane(PAN/PU)nanofiber transparent membrane. During electrospinning, rotating drum was used as collector. Transparent PU film reinforced by PAN nanofibers (PANNFs/PU film)were prepared by following heating treatment. The morphology,structure and mechanical properties of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrometer, multifunctional stretcher. The results show that the fiber arrangement in PAN/PU films along the drum rotating direction becomes obvious with the increase of drum rotating speed. The mechanical properties of PANNFs/PU film are improved significantly through heat treatment. When the rotating speed is 1 500 r/min, the breaking stress of the PAN/PU membrane along the drum rotating direction is 103.3 MPa, and that of the PANNFs-PU film along the drum rotating direction reaches 306.8 MPa coupled with a high breaking strain of 163.1%. Compared with PAN/PU porous membrane, the mechanical properties of PANNFs/PU transparent membrane are significantly improved.

Key words: nanofiber, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, porous film, transparent films, electrospinning

中图分类号: 

  • TQ342.93

图1

膜的形貌变化"

图2

PAN纳米纤维多孔膜、PU纳米纤维多孔膜、PAN/PU取向多孔膜、PANNFs/PU透明膜的红外谱图"

图3

不同转速条件下PAN/PU取向多孔膜的扫描电镜照片"

表1

不同转速条件下PAN/PU取向多孔膜中纤维直径分布"

转速/
(r·min-1)		 纤维直径
最大值/nm 最小值/nm 平均值/nm CV值/%
0 418.62 248.45 315.89 11.53
500 393.48 242.29 308.87 9.83
1 000 403.59 268.11 324.58 10.20
1 500 411.07 224.82 319.63 13.54
2 000 437.04 246.55 329.63 12.65

图4

不同转速条件下制备的PAN/PU取向多孔膜的力学性能"

表2

不同转速条件下多孔膜和透明膜的力学性能"

转速/
(r·min-1)		 PAN/PU PANNFs/PU
断裂应力/MPa 断裂应变/% 初始模量/GPa 断裂应力/MPa 断裂应变/% 初始模量/GPa
平行 垂直 平行 垂直 平行 垂直 平行 垂直 平行 垂直 平行 垂直
0 77.1 128.6 0.27 197.8 307.6 1.26
500 79.4 41.4 117.0 112.6 0.35 0.15 222.8 151.1 81.7 103.4 1.66 1.12
1 000 94.8 32.7 101.6 121.3 0.43 0.11 264.1 163.9 35.5 87.3 2.78 1.06
1 500 103.3 23.2 134.5 146.1 0.59 0.13 306.8 159.8 40.1 163.1 3.11 0.86
2 000 86.8 19.6 112.4 153.7 0.24 0.09 293.7 158.3 35.4 131.7 3.47 1.04

图5

不同转速条件下制备的PANNFs/PU透明膜的力学性能"

图6

PANNFs/PU透明膜取向示意图"

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