纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (05): 50-57.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190506508

• 纺织工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于形状记忆合金丝包覆纱的针织物致动器研究

熊祥章1, 裴泽光1,2(), 陈革1,2   

  1. 1.东华大学 机械工程学院, 上海 201620
    2.东华大学 纺织装备教育部工程研究中心, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-24 修回日期:2020-02-18 出版日期:2020-05-15 发布日期:2020-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 裴泽光
  • 作者简介:熊祥章(1995—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为织物基软体机器人技术。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市自然科学基金(探索类)项目(18ZR1402200);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2232019G-05)

Study on actuating force of knit actuator based on covered yarn with shape memory alloy wire as core

XIONG Xiangzhang1, PEI Zeguang1,2(), CHEN Ge1,2   

  1. 1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. Engineering Research Center of Advanced Textile Machinery, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2019-05-24 Revised:2020-02-18 Online:2020-05-15 Published:2020-06-02
  • Contact: PEI Zeguang

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摘要：

为构建面向软体机器人应用的织物基人工肌肉,设计并制备了1种以镍钛形状记忆合金丝为芯丝、芳纶复丝为外包纤维的包覆纱,利用该包覆纱制备了1种可通过电阻热驱动的纬平针织物致动器,研究了此致动器循环致动特性及其结构参数与致动条件对其致动特性的影响。研究结果表明:针织物致动器受驱动后将沿线圈纵行方向产生弯曲变形;当致动器线圈横列数增加时,其沿织物平面线圈纵行方向输出的致动力值将呈近似线性关系显著增加,而在垂直于织物平面方向输出的致动力略有减小;针织物致动器线圈尺寸的增加将使其沿织物平面内线圈纵行方向输出的致动力增加;致动电流值的增加将使致动器输出的致动力增大;针织物致动器具有稳定、快速的循环致动能力。

关键词: 形状记忆合金丝, 包覆纱, 针织物, 致动器, 织物基人工肌肉

Abstract:

To fabricate fabric-based artificial muscle for soft robotic applications, a covered yarn with NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wire as the core and aramid multi-filaments as the sheath was designed in this research. Plain knittes fabric-based actuators were fabricated from the covered yarn, which can be driven by Joule heat. Effects of the structural parameters and actuation conditions on the actuation performance of the knit actuators as well as their cyclic actuation characteristics were investigated. The results show that upon actuation, the plain knittes fabric-based actuator exhibits bending deformation along its wale direction. With the increase of number of rows of the knit actuator, its actuating force along the wale direction in the fabric plane increases linearly, while its actuating force in the direction perpendicular to the fabric plane demonstrates a slight decrease. The increase of the loop size leeds to the increased actuating force along the wale direction in the fabric plane. The rise of the actuating current resultes in an increase of the actuating forces in both directions. The knit actuator exhibites a stable and high-frequency cyclic actuating capability.

Key words: shape memory alloy wire, covered yarn, knit, actuator, fabric-based artificial muscle

中图分类号: 

  • TB333

表1

镍钛形状记忆合金丝参数"

密度/
(g·cm-3)		 比热/
(J·g-1·℃-1)		 导热率/
(W·cm-1·℃-1)		 泊松
比		 每米电阻值/
(Ω·m-1)
6.45 0.84 0.18 0.33 55

表2

Kevlar 1414芳纶复丝参数"

线密度/
dtex		 纤维根
数		 断裂
强力/N		 比强力/
(cN·dtex-1)		 拉伸模量/
(cN·dtex-1)		 断裂
伸长率/%
220 135 51 23.0 700 3.1

图1

SMA丝包覆纱制备过程 1—直流电动机;2—上储纱器;3—SMA丝;4—下储纱器;5—载荷块;6—芳纶复丝;7—SMA丝包覆纱;8—芳纶复丝。"

图2

具有3列26行线圈的针织物致动器"

图3

实验测量原理示意图 1—针织物致动器;2—夹具上夹持部;3—夹具下夹持部;4—压力传感器;5—滑轨;6—滑块;7—夹具;8—针织物致动器;9—不可拉伸绳;10—拉力传感器。"

图4

不同线圈横列数的针织物致动器输出的致动力"

表3

不同直径棒针针织而成的致动器的结构参数"

棒针
直径/
mm		 长度/
mm		 宽度/
mm		 纵行方向
线圈密度/
(线圈·mm-1)		 横列方向
线圈密度/
(线圈·mm-1)
2.00 49.52 8.28 0.53 0.36
2.25 52.88 9.48 0.49 0.32
2.50 57.16 10.10 0.45 0.30
2.75 61.14 10.82 0.43 0.28
3.00 64.10 11.62 0.41 0.26
3.25 67.92 12.36 0.38 0.24

图5

不同直径的棒针针织而成的致动器在单次致动过程中的致动力输出特性综合来看,线圈尺寸主要影响了针织物致动器在面内线圈纵行方向输出的致动力F2。线圈尺寸越大,F2值越大。其中,由直径为3 mm的棒针针织而成的致动器的F2值因在受热驱动阶段增加速率较快,能够达到的最大值也更大,且冷却初始阶段具有较快的下降速率,同时其F1值的下降速率也较快,因此致动力输出性能最为优异。"

图6

不同致动电流下致动器单次致动过程中致动力输出特性"

图7

不同冷却时间下针织物致动器循环致动过程中致动力输出情况"

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