纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (07): 167-173.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190805907

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

柔性ZrO2纳米纤维膜的制备及其应用研究现状

吴红, 刘呈坤(), 毛雪, 阳智, 陈美玉   

  1. 西安工程大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 陕西 西安 710048
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-26 修回日期:2020-04-12 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2020-07-23
  • 通讯作者: 刘呈坤
  • 作者简介:吴红(1994—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为静电纺柔性无机纳米材料。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51503168);陕西省创新人才推进计划-青年科技新星项目(2017KJXX-23);山东省博士后创新项目专项资金资助项目(201504);西安工程大学研究生年度创新基金项目(chx2019002);广东省科技计划项目(2017B090904031)

Research progress in preparation and application of flexible zirconia nanofibers by electrospinning

WU Hong, LIU Chengkun(), MAO Xue, YANG Zhi, CHEN Meiyu   

  1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
  • Received:2019-08-26 Revised:2020-04-12 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2020-07-23
  • Contact: LIU Chengkun

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摘要：

针对现有制备方法获得二氧化锆(ZrO2)纳米纤维膜柔性不足的问题,综述了近年来利用静电纺丝技术在制备柔性ZrO2纳米纤维膜方面的研究进展。基于现有研究成果,从前驱体溶液、静电纺丝工艺和煅烧温度3方面系统阐述了静电纺制备柔性ZrO2纳米纤维膜的工艺流程,并概述了纤维形貌、孔隙结构和晶体结构对柔性ZrO2纳米纤维膜的影响,介绍了柔性ZrO2纳米纤维膜在能源、生物等领域的应用。最后指出:采用静电纺丝技术制备的柔性ZrO2纳米纤维膜具有比表面积大、耐热性高等一系列优异特性,但仍存在纤维膜韧性相对较差的缺陷,尚无法满足实际工况要求;提高柔性ZrO2纳米纤维膜的整体力学性能,并进行批量化制造,以满足实际应用是未来研究的重点。

关键词: 静电纺丝, 二氧化锆, 纳米纤维膜, 制备工艺

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of insufficient flexibility of zirconia (ZrO2) nanofibers in the existing preparation methods, the research progress in the recent years in the application of electrospinning technology in the preparation of flexible ZrO2 nanofiber membranes was reviewed. Based on the existing research results, the process of electrospinning flexible ZrO2 nanofiber membranes was systematically described from three aspects, which are precursor solution, electrospinning process and calcination temperature. The morphology, pore structure and crystal structure of the flexible ZrO2 were summarized. The applications of flexible ZrO2 nanofiber membranes in energy, biology and other fields were introduced. The analysis shows that the flexible ZrO2 nanofiber membrane prepared by electrospinning technology has a series of excellent properties such as large specific surface area and high heat resistance. However, it still has the disadvantage of relatively poor toughness of the fiber membrane, which fails to meet the requirements of actual working conditions. It is pointed out that improving the overall mechanical properties of flexible ZrO2 nanofiber membranes and mass-producing them to meet practical applications should be the focus of future research.

Key words: electrospinning, zirconia, nanofiber membrane, preparation techniques

中图分类号: 

  • TQ340.64

表1

静电纺制备柔性ZrO2纳米纤维膜的前驱体溶液组分汇总"

组分 功能 原料 参考文献
锆源 提供锆元素 正丙醇锆、醋酸锆、氧化锆分散体、
乙酰丙酮锆、氧氯化锆		 [16-20]
高分子聚合物 提高溶液的可纺性 聚环氧乙烷、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、
左旋聚乳酸、聚丙烯腈、聚己内酯		 [21-26]
稳定剂 抑制氧化锆晶型转变 氧化钇、氧化铝、氧化铁 [27-29]

表2

柔性ZrO2纳米纤维膜在不同应用领域的制备工艺"

前驱体溶液 纺丝参数 煅烧工艺 应用 参考文献
电压/
kV		 距离/
cm		 速度/
(mL·h-1)
聚丙烯腈/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/异丙醇锆		 15 - 1.1 2 ℃/min、270 ℃
(2 h,空气气氛);
2 ℃/min、1 100 ℃
(1 h, 氮气气氛)		 染料敏化
太阳能电池		 [43]
聚丙烯腈/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/乙酸/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/异丙醇锆 15 12 1.1 270 ℃ (2 h, 空气气氛)
2 ℃/min、1 100 ℃
(1 h, 氮气气氛)		 染料敏化
太阳能电池		 [44]
正丙醇锆/六水乙酸钇/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 15 1 20 5 ℃/min、850 ℃
(空气气氛)		 骨组织支架 [45]
氧化锆/氧化钇/二氧化硅 - - - 1 200 ℃
(空气气氛)		 牙科复合材料 [46]
乙酸锆/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/六水氯化铝 25 20 1 5 ℃/min、850 ℃
(2 h, 空气气氛)		 红外隐身材料 [47]
聚乙烯醇/正硅酸乙酯/二甘醇/磷酸/过氧化氢/丙酮/乙醇/醋酸铋 16 15 1 800 ℃
(4 h, 空气气氛)		 红外隐身材料 [48]
氧化锆/聚环氧乙烷/聚乙酰丙酮锆/甲醇/五水硝酸铒/六水硝酸镱 17.5 20 2 1 000 ℃
(1 h, 空气气氛)		 发光材料 [49]
乙酸锆/六水硝酸钇/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 25 20 1 5 ℃/min、1 200 ℃
(2 h, 空气气氛)		 腐蚀性液体过滤 [40]
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