纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (08): 135-144.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20191001110

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

碳纳米纤维结构设计及其对水污染物吸附机制的研究进展

方舟1,2, 宋磊磊3, 孙保金4, 李文肖2, 张超2, 闫俊2, 陈磊2()   

  1. 1.天津市特种设备监督检验技术研究院, 天津 300192
    2.天津工业大学 纺织科学与工程学院,天津 300387
    3.中航装甲科技有限公司, 天津 300304
    4.苏州市相城检测股份有限公司, 苏州 215110
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-08 修回日期:2020-05-11 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2020-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 陈磊
  • 作者简介:方舟(1988—),男,工程师,硕士。主要研究方向为锅炉检测及其清洗后污水处理。
  • 基金资助:
    中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2019T120189);中国博士后基金一等资助项目(2018M640240)

Research progress in structure design of carbon nanofibers and their adsorption mechanism and applications toward sewage pollutants

FANG Zhou1,2, SONG Leilei3, SUN Baojin4, LI Wenxiao2, ZHANG Chao2, YAN Jun2, CHEN Lei2()   

  1. 1. Tianjin Special Equipment Inspection Institute, Tianjin 300192, China
    2. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    3. AECC Aegis Advanced Protective Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300304, China
    4. Suzhou Xiangcheng Testing Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215110, China
  • Received:2019-10-08 Revised:2020-05-11 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-08-21
  • Contact: CHEN Lei

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摘要：

为促进碳纳米纤维(CNFs)在污水污染物吸附领域的应用,针对性开发具有高吸附性能的CNFs吸附剂,分别综述了静电纺丝法、化学气相沉积法、模板法以及绿色环保法制得的CNFs吸附剂的结构设计、制备、功能化改性原理等,着重分析了各CNFs吸附剂的吸附机制,列举了多种CNFs对污水中重金属离子、阳离子染料及有机污染物的吸附性能,探讨了不同方法制得的CNFs在制备效率、结构、吸附性能、重复利用性能等方面的优劣势,并阐述了CNFs吸附剂在电除盐、离子测定等其他领域的应用拓展;最后提出了低成本产业化制备、多污染物广泛吸附、力学性能提升、驻极辅助吸附、循环利用及其应用领域拓展等为今后CNFs吸附剂发展的重点方向。

关键词: 碳纳米纤维, 水体污染物, 吸附性能, 产业化制备, 污水处理

Abstract:

In order to better understand the applications of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in sewage disposal and to realize the well-directed design of CNFs adsorbents with high adsorption performance, this paper comprehensively reviewed the structure design, preparation methods and functionalization strategies for CNFs prepared by electrospinning, chemical vapor deposition, template synthesis and other green methods, with adsorption mechanisms highlighted. In addition, a thorough comparison of adsorption performances toward heavy metal ions, cationic dyes and organic pollutants were listed. The advantages and disadvantages of CNFs prepared by different methods were compared based on their preparation efficiency, structures, adsorption and recycling performances. The extensive applications of CNFs adsorbents were elaborated, especially in the field of electric desalting and ion determination. Key research and development directions of CNFs absorbents for the future were concluded including industrialized and low cost preparation, adsorption toward various varieties of pollutants, improvement of mechanical properties, electric facilitated adsorption, recycling use and more extensive applications.

Key words: carbon nanofiber, sewage pollutants, adsorption performance, industrial production, sewage treatment

中图分类号: 

  • TQ028.2

图1

PAN纳米纤维在热处理下的化学反应机制"

图2

CNFs-CNTs制备和吸附流程图"

图3

PECVD法生长不同时间的CNFs-CNTs形貌(×5 000)"

表1

已发表的部分文献中CNFs对污染物吸附量对比"

吸附剂 制备方法 目标污染物 吸附时间/
min		 pH值 初始质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)		 最大吸附量/
(mg·g-1)		 参考文献
CNFs 静电纺 亚甲基蓝 60 10 25~250 72.46 [9]
CNFs 静电纺 环丙沙星 240 6 3.0 10.36 [11]
CNFs 静电纺 苯酚 2 880 — 300 251.6 [54]
多孔CNFs 静电纺 硅油 — — — 138.4 [31]
多孔CNFs 静电纺 Pb(Ⅱ) 1 中性 0.01~10 7.1 [55]
多孔CNFs 静电纺 亚甲基蓝 20 3 567 [56]
CNFs/CNTs 静电纺 Cr(Ⅵ) 400 3 60 76.62 [16]
CNFs/ZrO2 静电纺 Sb(Ⅲ) 720 7±0.2 500 53 [25]
Sb(Ⅴ) 720 7±0.2 500 43
CNFs-CNTs 静电纺/CVD Cr(Ⅵ) 120 3 60 235 [27]
碳纤维/CNFs CVD As(Ⅴ) 300 6.5 — 14 [38]
碳微珠/CNFs CVD Cr(Ⅵ) — — 10~150 41 [34]
活性碳纤维-CNFs CVD Pb(Ⅱ) — — 50 40 [39]
苯酚 — — 80 275
活性炭-CNFs CVD Pb(Ⅱ) 60 5.5 250 77 [40-41]
石墨毡-CNFs CVD Pb(Ⅱ) 1 440 5 400 113 [37]
刚果红 1 440 5 400 162.2
高岭土-CNFs CVD Pb(Ⅱ) 480 — 250 211 [44]
N掺杂活性炭-CNFs CVD Cd(Ⅱ) 720 — — 161±5 [42]
Pb(Ⅱ) 1 440 — — 88±53
硅酸盐-CNFs 模板法 炔雌醇 240 — — 47~60 [47]

模板法CNFs
模板法		 亚甲基蓝
Pb(Ⅱ)		 240
240		 7
6		 700
225		 ~720
~400
[43]
Cr(Ⅵ) 240 2 500 ~175
细菌纤维素多孔CNFs 绿色法 Sr(Ⅱ) ~120 4.5 — 58.72 [45]
石墨烯/CNFs 其他方法 CCl4 — — — 598 [32]
CNTs-Fe2O3 其他方法 苯酚 150 7 2 2.778 [29]
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