纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 168-173.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20191206306

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

纳米纤维吸声降噪研究进展

李好义1,2, 许浩1, 陈明军1, 杨涛3, 陈晓青1, 阎华1,2, 杨卫民1,2()   

  1. 1.北京化工大学 机电工程学院, 北京 100029
    2.北京化工大学 有机无机复合材料国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
    3.中国化学纤维工业协会, 北京 100022
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-30 修回日期:2020-08-06 出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2020-11-26
  • 通讯作者: 杨卫民
  • 作者简介:李好义(1987—),男,讲师,博士。主要研究方向为静电纺丝纳米纤维。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51603009)

Research progress of noise reduction by nanofibers

LI Haoyi1,2, XU Hao1, CHEN Mingjun1, YANG Tao3, CHEN Xiaoqing1, YAN Hua1,2, YANG Weimin1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
    3. China Chemical Fibers Association, Beijing 100022, China
  • Received:2019-12-30 Revised:2020-08-06 Online:2020-11-15 Published:2020-11-26
  • Contact: YANG Weimin

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摘要：

为拓宽纳米纤维在声学领域的应用,促进高性能纳米纤维吸声材料的发展,对目前国内外纳米纤维的吸声降噪研究进展进行综述。首先分析了纳米纤维的吸声原理及吸声优势,认为纳米纤维的高比表面积与高孔隙率促进了其对中低频段声波的吸收;其次对影响纳米纤维吸声性能的因素进行了归纳与总结;然后重点阐述了纳米纤维对天然纤维、合成纤维与泡沫等材料吸声性能的影响,认为在常规吸声材料表面复合纳米纤维后可显著提升自身中低频段的吸声性能;最后针对纳米纤维吸声研究中亟待解决的问题以及如何制备绿色高性能的纳米纤维吸声材料进行了展望。

关键词: 纳米纤维, 吸声材料, 降噪, 静电纺丝, 复合材料

Abstract:

In order to broaden the application of nanofibers in acoustics and promote the development of sound absorption of high-performance nanofibers, the current research on sound absorption and noise reduction of nanofibers at domestic and abroad is reviewed. First, the sound absorption principle and advantages of nanofibers are analyzed. The high specific surface area and porosity of nanofibers promote the absorption of sound waves in the low and middle frequency range. Secondly, the factors that affect the sound absorption properties of nanofibers are summarized. Then introduced the preparation technology of nanofibers. The effects of nanofibers on the sound absorption properties of natural fibers, synthetic fibers and foams are mainly described. It is believed that conventional sound absorption materials can significantly improve their sound absorption performance in low and middle frequency range by combining with nanofibers. Finally, the prospects for nanofiber sound-absorbing urgently to be solved and how to prepare green and high-performance nanofiber sound-absorbing materials were made.

Key words: nanofiber, sound absorbing material, noise reduction, electrospinning, composite material

中图分类号: 

  • TS141

图1

多孔材料吸声示意图"

图2

纳米纤维膜共振示意图"

表1

常见纳米纤维的吸声曲线特点"

材料 吸声曲线特点 参考文献
PVC 共振频率低,中低频吸声性能好 [6,8]
PVP 相比于PVC,高频段吸声性能更好 [6,8]
PVA 材料中低频段吸声性能,高频吸声性能变差 [9-10]
PAN 共振频率高,
对材料在高频段的吸声性能改善明显		 [11-12]
[13-14]
PU 相比于PAN,共振频率低,中低频吸声性能好 [12-13,15]
PVDF 相比于PU,共振频率低,中低频吸声性能好 [16-17]
PA 高频提升效果明显,中低频几乎无提升作用 [18]

图3

三维纳米纤维制造过程"

图4

交联PS纳米纤维回弹性能"

表2

纳米纤维复合吸声材料在不同频段的吸声性能"

材料 吸声性能 吸声系数峰值
对应频率/Hz		 吸声系数
峰值
250~500 Hz 500~1 000 Hz 1 000~2 000 Hz 2 000~4 000 Hz
天然纤维 羊毛[18] 差 差 差 一般 4 000 0.46
PA纳米纤维网/羊毛[18] 差 差 一般 好 4 000 0.85
黄麻[14] 差 差 差 好 4 000 0.65
PAN纳米纤维/黄麻[14] 差 一般 一般 好 4 000 0.85
椰壳[9] 差 差 一般 — 1 200 0.40
PVA纳米纤维/椰壳[9] 差 一般 一般 — 1 000 0.37
改性PVA纳米纤维/椰壳[9] 差 一般 好 — 800 0.55
合成纤维 PET非织造布[13] 差 差 一般 好 4 000 0.76
PU纳米纤维/PET非织造布[13] 差 一般 好 好 2 200 0.74
PAN纳米纤维/PET非织造布[13] 差 一般 好 好 3 000 0.80
聚酯[22] 差 差 差 差 4 000 0.18
PAN纳米纤维/聚酯[22] 差 差 一般 好 2 000 0.70
非织造布[15] 差 差 好 好 3 200 0.55
非织造布/非织造布[15] 差 一般 好 好 2 600 0.80
PU纳米纤维/非织造布[15] 差 一般 好 好 2 600 0.80
非织造布/PU纳米纤维/非织造布[15] 差 一般 好 好 2 500 0.98
泡沫 BASF泡沫[11] 差 差 一般 一般 4 000 0.60
PAN纳米纤维/BASF泡沫[11] 差 一般 好 好 3500 0.96
聚氨酯泡沫[12] 差 差 差 差 1 500 0.15
PAN纳米纤维/聚氨酯泡沫[12] 差 一般 好 好 3 200 0.77
PU纳米纤维/聚氨酯泡沫[12] 差 一般 好 好 2 000 0.70
泡沫板[31] 差 差 差 差 1 250 0.10
(PU/PVDF纳米纤维)/泡沫板[31] 差 一般 好 差 1 400 0.68
泡沫[16] 差 差 一般 好 3 200 0.91
PVDF/泡沫[16] 一般 好 好 好 1 000 0.82
PVDF(添加CNTs)/泡沫[16] 一般 好 好 好 1 000 0.90
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