纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (08): 179-187.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200306809

• 专栏:医用防护纺织品 • 上一篇    下一篇

医用防护服的构效特点及其研发趋势

陈诗萍1,2, 陈旻1,2, 魏岑1,2, 王富军1,2,3, 王璐1,2,4()   

  1. 1.东华大学 纺织学院, 上海 201620
    2.东华大学 纺织面料技术教育部重点实验室, 上海 201620
    3.东华大学 产业用纺织品教育部工程研究中心, 上海 201620
    4.东华大学 纺织行业生物医用纺织材料与技术重点实验室, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-25 修回日期:2020-05-15 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2020-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 王璐
  • 作者简介:陈诗萍(1997—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为生物医用防护材料。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部创新引智基地111计划2.0项目(B07024);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(20D110128/001)

Structure and functions of medical protective clothing and trend for research and development

CHEN Shiping1,2, CHEN Min1,2, WEI Cen1,2, WANG Fujun1,2,3, WANG Lu1,2,4()   

  1. 1. College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    3. Engineering Research Center of Technical Textile, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    4. Key Laboratory of Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2020-03-25 Revised:2020-05-15 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-08-21
  • Contact: WANG Lu

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摘要：

为深入了解医用防护服的研究现状,从医学需求出发,分析了经“三拒一抗”功能整理的纺粘-熔喷-纺粘(SMS)复合材料防护服、微孔薄膜/非织造布复合材料防护服、闪蒸法非织造布防护服以及正压生物防护服的使用场合、设计制备技术、结构功效特点以及防护机制。研究认为:SMS复合材料的舒适性较好,微孔薄膜/非织造布复合材料的防护性较好,而闪蒸法材料的综合性能优异,在舒适性和防护性之间达到了理想的平衡状态;医用防护服关键制备技术在于高性能聚四氟乙烯膜的规模化生产以及闪蒸工艺国产化技术的突破,同时,纳米技术可为新型材料的研制提供新的思路;正压生物防护服未来的发展方向为功能通用化、监控自动化和使用信息化。

关键词: 医用防护服, 正压生物防护服, 防护机制, 聚四氟乙烯膜, 功能整理, 非织造材料

Abstract:

In order to understand the research status of medical protective clothing in depth, aiming at the medical needs, this research analyzed four types of protective clothing, i.e., the "three-rejection and one-resistance" finished spunbond-meltblown-spunbond (SMS) composite protective clothing, microporous film/nonwoven composite protective clothing, flash distillation nonwoven protective clothing, and positive pressure biological protective clothing, from the aspects of the occasions of use, design and preparation technology, structural efficiency characteristics and protective mechanism of composite material protective clothing. The study reveals that the SMS composite materials have better comfort, the microporous film/nonwoven composite materials offer better protection, while the flash vaporization materials demonstrate excellent comprehensive performance and achieve an ideal balance between comfort and protection. The key to achieve effective medical protective clothing is making breakthrough in the preparation technology which lies in the large-scale production of high-performance polytetrafluoroethy-lene membranes and the localization of the flash evaporation process. At the same time, nanotechnology can provide new ideas for the development of new materials. The future development direction of positive pressure biological protective clothing is the generalization of functions, monitoring automation and informatization.

Key words: medical protective clothing, positive pressure biological protective clothing, protective mechanism, polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, functional finish, nonwoven composite

中图分类号: 

  • TS106.67

图1

医用防护服的设计思路及生产流程"

图2

2种非织造复合材料的结构示意图及电镜照片"

图3

闪蒸法非织造布的电镜照片"

表1

3种材料的功效对比"

材料名称 防水性 透气性 耐磨性
SMS复合材料 次之 最好 最差
微孔薄膜/非织
造布复合材料		 最好 最差 次之
闪蒸法材料 最好 次之 最好

图4

医用防护服结构"

图5

对微小颗粒物的防护机制示意图"

图6

动力送风式正压生物防护服的结构形式及主要组成部件"

表2

2种正压生物防护服的性能参数对比"

结构
形式		 防护
因子		 静态正压
差/Pa		 送风量/
(L·min-1)		 高效过滤
器的过滤
效率
(0.3 μm)/%		 自持
时间/
h
半身式 >50 000 ≥25 ≥150 >99.99 >6
全身式 >100 000 >120 ≥350 >99.99 >5
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