医用口罩过滤材料的研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20200307308

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对医用口罩过滤材料呼吸阻力大、电荷易消失导致静电吸附有效时间短,且为一次性使用的应用现状,对医用口罩过滤材料的研发现状进行了综述。首先简要介绍了口罩的发展历史;重点概述了目前医用口罩熔喷超细纤维非织造布、纳米纤维膜、多功能复合纳米过滤材料及其制备技术的研究进展;从相关口罩专利申请、新材料及新技术研发角度探讨了医用口罩过滤材料发展趋势。认为过滤材料制备的纳米化,过滤材料多层复合的功能化,以及环保性和可重复消毒使用性是未来医用口罩的研发方向。

关键词: 医用口罩, 非织造布, 熔喷非织造布, 过滤材料, 纳米材料

Abstract:

Medical mask filtering materials have problems including high respiratory resistance, short effective time of electrostatic adsorption caused by easy loss of charge in the filtering materials, and the disposable use of the filtering materials. This paper reviewed and summarized the research progress of the medical mask filtering materials. According to the history of mask development, the evolution of the meltblown superfine fiber nonwovens, nanofiber membranes, multifunctional composite nanofiltration materials and their preparation technology were analyzed. From the perspective of patent application, new materials and new technologies, the development trend of filtering materials for medical masks was discussed. It is believed that the nanoscale filtering materials, the filtration with multi-layer functional materials and safe reuse of filtering materials represent the future research and development directions for medical mask materials.

Key words: medical mask, nonwoven, meltblown nonwoven, filtering material, nano-material

中图分类号:

TS176

周惠林, 杨卫民, 李好义. 医用口罩过滤材料的研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2020, 41(08): 158-165.

ZHOU Huilin, YANG Weimin, LI Haoyi. Research progress of filtering material for medical mask[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(08): 158-165.

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国家与地区	测试标准	分类	测试流量	过滤效果
中国	YY/T 0969—2013《一次性医用口罩》	一次性医用口罩	流量为28.3 L/min	BFE≥95%
	YY/T 0469—2011《医用外科口罩》	医用外科口罩	流量为30 L/min,呼吸阻力为 8 L/min,面积为5.06 cm²	BFE≥95%,PFE≥30%, 阻力要求≤49 mm H₂O
	GB 19083—2010《医用防护口罩技术要求》		流量为85 L/min,吸气阻力≤343.2 Pa	1级≥95%,2级≥99%,3级≥99.97%
	将2 mL合成血液以10.7 kPa(80 mmHg)压力喷向口罩,口罩内侧不应出现渗透
美国	ASTM F 2100—2019《医用口罩用材料性能规格》	L级	BFE≥95%,压差<4.0 mm H₂O,血透为80 mm Hg
		M级	BFE≥98%,压差<5.0 mm H₂O,PFE≥98%,血透为120 mm Hg
		H级	BFE≥98%,压差<5.0 mm H₂O,PFE≥98%,血透为160 mm Hg
欧盟	BS EN 14683—2019《医用口罩要求和试验方法》	TYPEⅠ	BFE≥95%,压差<40 Pa,只给病人及易过敏的人群
		TYPEⅡ	BFE≥98%,压差<40 Pa
		TYPEⅡR	BFE≥98%,压差<60 Pa,血透为120 mm Hg;BFE流量为28.3 L/min;压差流量为 8 L/min,面积为4.9 cm²
澳大利亚	AS 4381:2015《用于卫生保健的一次性口罩》	Level 1	BFE≥95%, PFE 无规定,合成血液穿透阻力为80 mm Hg
		Level 2	BFE≥98%, PFE 无规定,合成血液穿透阻力为120 mm Hg
		Level 3	BFE≥98%, PFE无规定,合成血液穿透阻力为160 mm Hg

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