纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (01): 103-111.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200505909

• 染整与化学品 • 上一篇    下一篇

自熄性棉织物的喷涂辅助层层自组装法制备及其阻燃性能

曾凡鑫1,2, 秦宗益1,2(), 沈玥莹1, 陈园余1, 胡铄2   

  1. 1.东华大学 纤维材料改性国家重点实验室, 上海 201620
    2.东华大学 材料科学与工程学院, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-29 修回日期:2020-10-25 出版日期:2021-01-15 发布日期:2021-01-21
  • 通讯作者: 秦宗益
  • 作者简介:曾凡鑫(1991—),男,博士。主要研究方向为纳米功能涂层与表面处理技术。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部创新研究团队计划项目(IRT_16R13);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(CUSF-DH-D-2017040)

Preparation and flame retardant properties of self-extinguishing cotton fabrics by spray-assisted layer-by-layer self-assembly technology

ZENG Fanxin1,2, QIN Zongyi1,2(), SHEN Yueying1, CHEN Yuanyu1, HU Shuo2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2020-05-29 Revised:2020-10-25 Online:2021-01-15 Published:2021-01-21
  • Contact: QIN Zongyi

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摘要：

为赋予棉织物高效阻燃的特性,采用喷涂辅助层层自组装技术在棉织物表面将3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、海藻酸钠和聚磷酸铵构筑三元复合涂层。借助扫描电子显微镜、热重分析、垂直燃烧和微型燃烧量热仪等研究了棉织物在涂层处理前后的表面形貌、燃烧性能和热降解性能。结果表明:经涂层处理棉织物可实现离火自熄,其极限氧指数最大可达35.7%,并具有一定的耐水洗性;棉织物优异的结构稳定性和阻燃性可归因于表面结构良好的阻燃复合涂层以及磷、氮、硅元素在其热降解和成炭过程中的协同作用;这种用于设计和制造膨胀型阻燃涂层的技术也可用于其他各种纤维素纤维。

关键词: 棉织物, 功能织物, 阻燃性能, 层层自组装, 阻燃涂料

Abstract:

In order to endow the cotton fabric with high efficiency flame retardant properties, a new low-cost and green approach was presented for constructing ternary composite coating on cotton fabric through spray-assisted layer-by-layer self-assembly of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, sodium alginate and ammonium polyphosphate in aqueous solutions. The surface morphology, flammability and thermal degradation properties of the cotton fabrics before and after coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical flame tests and microscale combustion calorimetry. The results show that coated cotton fabrics self-extinguish instantly when the ignition source is removed, and its limit oxygen index reaches 35.7% together with good washing resistance. High structural stability and flame retardant property are attributed to the external well-constructed flame retardant composite multilayers and phosphorus-silicon-nitrogen synergism on the degradation process and char yield. Such green and scalable strategy for the design and fabrication of self-extinguishing intumescent coating could also be employed for treating various other cellulose fibers.

Key words: cotton fabric, functional fabric, flame retardant property, layer-by-layerself-assembly, flame retardant coating

中图分类号: 

  • TS195

图1

纯棉织物和涂层棉织物的扫描电镜照片"

图2

纯棉织物和涂层棉织物的红外光谱图"

图3

棉织物涂层处理前后不同氛围下的TGA和DTG曲线"

表1

涂层处理前后棉织物的LOI值和在空气和氮气气氛下的TGA数据"

样品 极限
氧指
数值/%		 初始降解
温度/℃		 最大热降解
温度/℃		 700 ℃残
炭量/%
空气 氮气 空气 氮气 空气 氮气
纯棉织物 18.1 265.5 264.5 361.6 379.9 1.0 8.6
5层 20.9 234.5 228.2 291.1 315.2 14.5 35.8
10层 22.3 214.0 223.8 288.8 292.6 19.8 43.0
15层 35.7 227.5 221.8 287.5 287.1 22.8 47.4

表2

纯棉织物与涂层棉织物的垂直燃烧数据"

样品 质量增加率/
%		 燃烧
时间/s		 阴燃
时间/s		 炭长/cm
纯棉织物 0.00 10 14 30
5层 11.60 16 0 30
10层 22.50 40 0 30
15层 30.60 0 0 4.9±0.1
15层(水洗后) 28.30 0 0 9.7±0.2

表3

纯棉织物与涂层棉织物的MCC数据"

样品 热释放速率峰
值/(W·g-1)		 总热释放
量/(kJ·g-1)		 热释放速率
峰值温度/℃		 残炭
量/%
纯棉织物 277.5 ± 5.1 14.3 ± 0.38 390.8 ± 6.7 9.2
5层 38.8 ± 2.5 2.5 ± 0.16 305.5 ± 4.2 35.9
10层 20.9 ± 1.8 1.5 ± 0.08 288.5 ± 3.0 41.7
15层 15.4 ± 1.0 1.1 ± 0.01 272.1 ± 2.5 47.9

图4

纯棉织物和15层棉织物在热降解过程中气相产物的三维图"

图5

部分气相产物的红外光谱图"

图6

炭渣的扫描电镜照片"

图7

涂层处理前后棉织物的炭渣的拉曼光谱图"

图8

涂层棉织物垂燃烧后残炭的XPS谱图"

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