木质素/聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的制备及其表征

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20200808308

纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (07): 54-61.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200808308

木质素/聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的制备及其表征

阳智¹, 刘呈坤¹(), 吴红², 毛雪¹

1.西安工程大学纺织科学与工程学院, 陕西西安 710048
2.陕西省纺织科学研究院, 陕西西安 710038

收稿日期:2020-08-20 修回日期:2021-04-09 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-07-22
通讯作者: 刘呈坤
作者简介:阳智(1992—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为静电纺纳米纤维的制备与应用。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51503168);陕西省创新能力支撑计划-科技资源开放共享平台项目(2020PT-043);陕西省创新人才推进计划-青年科技新星项目(2017KJXX-23);山东省博士后创新项目专项资金资助项目(201504)

Preparation and characterization of lignin/polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers

YANG Zhi¹, LIU Chengkun¹(), WU Hong², MAO Xue¹

1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
2. Shaanxi Textile Science Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038,China

Received:2020-08-20 Revised:2021-04-09 Published:2021-07-15 Online:2021-07-22
Contact: LIU Chengkun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现木质素作为一种可再生、易降解的环保原材料在制备碳纤维领域的应用,通过静电纺丝、预氧化和炭化工艺制备了木质素/聚丙烯腈基碳纤维。借助旋转流变仪、电导率仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪和比表面积测试仪研究了木质素的添加对纺丝溶液的性质、预氧丝和碳纤维结构与性能的影响。结果表明:在保证溶液可纺性和纤维成纤性的基础上,木质素与聚丙烯腈的质量比可提高到90∶10,最大程度地实现了木质素的高值化利用;添加木质素后,预氧丝具有耐热稳定的梯形结构,制备的碳纤维比表面积从50.49增大到849.89 m²/g,在电池和超级电容器等能源领域具有重要的潜在应用价值。

关键词: 静电纺丝, 木质素, 聚丙烯腈, 预氧丝, 碳纤维

Abstract:

In order to use lignin as a renewable and degradable raw material in the preparation of carbon fiber, lignin/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber was prepared by electrospinning, pre-oxidation and carbonization. The effect of lignin addition on the properties of spinning solution and structure and properties of preoxidized fiber and carbon fiber were studied by means of rotary rheometer, conductivity meter, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and specific surface area tester.The results show that the mass ratio of lignin to PAN can be increased to 90∶10 on the basis of ensuring the solution spinnability and fiber-forming property, which maximizes the high-value utilization of lignin. The pre-oxidized fiber has a heat-resistant and stable trapezoidal structure after adding lignin. The specific surface area of carbon nanofiber increases from 50.49 to 849.89 m²/g, which has important potential application value in battery, supercapacitor and other energy fields.

Key words: electrospinning, lignin, polyacrylonitrile, pre-oxidized fiber, carbon fiber

中图分类号:

TS102.6

阳智, 刘呈坤, 吴红, 毛雪. 木质素/聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的制备及其表征[J]. 纺织学报, 2021, 42(07): 54-61.

YANG Zhi, LIU Chengkun, WU Hong, MAO Xue. Preparation and characterization of lignin/polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2021, 42(07): 54-61.

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DMSO和DMF体积比	电导率/(mS·cm^-1)	黏度/(Pa·s)
100:0	0.32	0.878
70:30	0.39	1.309
60:40	0.47	2.294
50:50	0.58	2.634

预氧化温度/℃	放热起始温度/℃	放热峰值温度/℃	放热终止温度/℃	放热量/ (J·g^-1)	环化度/%
240	262.9	332.9	411.3	4 276	48.8
260	275.3	339.1	404.3	3 511	57.9
280	284.7	351.3	420.1	2 769	83.5
300	297.6	375.7	441.0	1 341	83.9

木质素/聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的制备及其表征

Preparation and characterization of lignin/polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers

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