柔性纺织纤维基超级电容器研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210407208

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为促进纤维基超级电容器在柔性能量存储领域的应用,以纺织纤维原料为类别,对高性能纤维(碳纳米管纤维,石墨烯纤维)、天然纤维、合成纤维基超级电容器的研究进行综述。在此基础上,对不同类型的纤维基超级电容器性能分析对比,总结各种纤维基超级电容器的优缺点。结果表明,高性能纤维基超级电容器的纤维结构、传荷位阻、离子扩散速率决定了纤维比能量及循环寿命,但该类型纤维基超级电容器受限于纤维材料的力学性能,后续织造较为困难;天然、合成纤维可满足后道纺织工艺对纤维的力学要求,易与纺织品结合成为整体,其储能大小受活性物质结构、密度、电荷传递协同效应影响较大。最后,针对柔性纤维基超级电容器研究存在的问题进行说明并对未来需要攻克的重点难点进行分析及展望。

关键词: 纤维超级电容器, 柔性储能, 能量密度, 碳纳米管纤维, 石墨烯纤维, 可穿戴纺织品

Abstract:

In order to promote the application of fiber supercapacitors in the field of flexible energy storage, supercapacitors made from high performance fibers (i.e. carbon nanotube fiber, graphene fiber), natural fibers and man-made fibers were reviewed. The performance of supercapacitors using different types of fibers were analyzed and compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of various fiber supercapacitors were summarized. The results show that the structure, electron transfer resistor, and ion diffusion rate of high-performance fibers determine the specific energy and cycle life of the fibers supercapacitor. However, this type of fiber supercapacitor is limited by the mechanical properties of material, resulting in difficulties for subsequent weaving. Natural and man-made fibers used for making supercapacitors are easily processed with textile technologies, because the mechanical properties of the fibers meet the needs of the subsequent textile processing. The energy storage is affected by the effect of active material structure, density, and electron transfer. Finally, the research directions for flexible fiber supercapacitors are put forward, and difficult problems that need to be overcome in the future are analyzed and prospected.

Key words: fiber supercapacitor, flexible energy storage, energy density, carbon nanotube fiber, graphene fiber, wearable textiles

中图分类号:

TM53

聂文琪, 孙江东, 许帅, 郑贤宏, 徐珍珍. 柔性纺织纤维基超级电容器研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2022, 43(07): 200-206.

NIE Wenqi, SUN Jiangdong, XU Shuai, ZHENG Xianhong, XU Zhenzhen. Research progress in supercapacitors based on flexible textile fibers[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(07): 200-206.

图/表 1

表1

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纤维类型	制作工艺	电导率	能量密度	功率密度	比电容或比容量	参考文献
碳纳米管纤维	湿法纺丝	—	0.6 W·h/kg	—	5 F/g	[18]
碳纳米管纤维	CVD法	8 S·cm²/g	379 W·h/kg	1 590 W/kg	—	[19]
石墨烯纤维	水热法	102 S·cm²/g	6.3 mW·h/kg	1 085 mW/cm³	—	[30]
棉纤维	—	—	33 μW·h/cm²	0.67 mW/cm³	1.49 F/cm²	[32]
苎麻纤维	—	—	—	—	287 F/g	[35]
PET纤维	—	14 S/cm	—	—	29 mF/cm²	[36]
PAN纤维	—	—	—	—	415 F/g	[37]
PVA纤维	湿法纺丝	—	5.32 mW·h/g	26.9 mW/cm³	241 F/cm³	[39]