纳米纤维复合结构空气过滤材料性能研究

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210905801

纺织学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (05): 77-83.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210905801

纳米纤维复合结构空气过滤材料性能研究

胡蝶飞¹^,², 王琰¹^,³, 姚菊明²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 祝国成¹^,²^,³()

1.浙江理工大学纺织科学与工程学院, 浙江杭州 310018
2.浙江省现代纺织技术创新中心(鉴湖实验室), 浙江绍兴 312000
3.浙江理工大学浙江-捷克先进纤维材料联合实验室, 浙江杭州 310018
4.浙江理工大学材料科学与工程学院, 浙江杭州 310018
5.宁波大学材料科学与化学工程学院, 浙江宁波 315201
6.利贝雷茨理工大学纺织工程学院, 捷克利贝雷茨 46117

收稿日期:2021-09-16 修回日期:2023-01-23 出版日期:2023-05-15 发布日期:2023-06-09
通讯作者: 祝国成(1984—),男,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为纤维过滤材料。E-mail:gchengzhu@zstu.edu.cn。
作者简介:胡蝶飞(1997—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为空气过滤材料。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51803182);浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划项目(2023C01194);浙江理工大学基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(22202304-Y)

Study on performance of nanofiber air filter materials

HU Diefei¹^,², WANG Yan¹^,³, YAO Juming²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, DAS Ripon¹^,³, MILITKY Jiri⁶, VENKATARAMAN Mohanapriya⁶, ZHU Guocheng¹^,²^,³()

1. College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
2. Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
3. Zhejiang-Czech Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
5. School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
6. Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec 46117, Czech Republic

Received:2021-09-16 Revised:2023-01-23 Published:2023-05-15 Online:2023-06-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为深入探究影响纳米纤维膜过滤机制以开发和应用高端空气过滤材料,分析了静电纺纳米纤维膜和聚四氟乙烯拉伸膜与非织造布复合的空气过滤材料结构与性能,分别对其形貌、热力学性能、透气性等进行了分析与评价。实验结果表明,过滤材料本身的结构和纤维直径以及表面电势对其过滤性能影响显著,纤维直径越细,膜孔径越小,纤维间的结构会相对紧密,从而导致透气性较差,过滤效率更好。其中表面电势是影响材料过滤效率的主要因素,表面电势越高,过滤效果越好。静电纺锦纶6纳米纤维膜/聚酯纤维非织造布(PA6/PET)复合空气过滤材料表面电势最高,达1.414 kV,其过滤效率最佳,达到99.57 %。PA6/木浆纸复合过滤材料表面电势最小,为0.07 kV,过滤效果仅为22.28 %。

关键词: 静电纺, 纳米纤维膜, 聚四氟乙烯, 复合结构, 过滤效率, 非织造布

Abstract:

Objective Filtration performance of air filtration membrane in high-end application has always been a main concern, attracting much research. The electrospun nanofiber membrane and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microporous membrane are the widely used membranes as high-end air filtration membrane. In order to further investigate the filtration mechanism of nanofiber air filter materials, to understand the correlations between structure features and their filtration performance, and to provide useful guidance for development and application of high-end air filter materials, these six types of filter composite materials are made from nanofiber structure, which is usually used for high-end air filter materials.

Method These six types of filter composite materials were selected. The structure feature is the main factor influencing the filtration performance of air filter materials, and the electrostatic adsorption is also playing an important role in filtration performance. Therefore, the evaluation of air filter materials in structure, electrostatic adsorption and filtration performance were carried out.

Results PA6/PET filter composite materials was found to have the highest surface potential which reached to 1.414 kV and its filtration efficiency reached to 99.57%. In contrast, the composite materials with wood pulp paper as substrate showed the lowest surface potential which was 0.070 kV, corresponding to a filtration efficiency of 22.28%, due to the lack of electrostatic adsorption. The crystallinities of samples 1^#- 6^# were 40.7%、39.4%、44.2%、51.7%、47.6% and 43.5%, respectively. The pressure drops of ePTFE/ES hot-air cotton nonwoven filter composite materials, PTFE/ES hot-rolled nonwoven filter composite materials, and PTFE/ES hot-air cotton nonwoven filter composite materials were 59.7 Pa, 45.6 Pa, 58.8 Pa. The fiber diameter and structure of air filtration membrane also showed to have significant influence on the filtration performance of air filter materials. The smaller fiber diameter, smaller pore size, higher thickness, higher specific surface area resulted in a higher pressure drop and higher filtration efficiency.

Conclusion The surface potential played the most important role in filtration performance of filter composite materials, the higher surface potential led to a higher filtration efficiency. Besides, the fiber diameter and pore structure and its distribution also had significant influence on filtration performance of filter composite materials. PTFE mirco-porous membrane was produced by stretching, which had lower pressure drop comparing with the nanofibrous membrane produced from electrospinning.

Key words: electrospinning, nanofiber membrane, polytetrafluoroethylene, composite structure, filtration efficiency, nonwoven

中图分类号:

TS151

胡蝶飞, 王琰, 姚菊明, 祝国成. 纳米纤维复合结构空气过滤材料性能研究[J]. 纺织学报, 2023, 44(05): 77-83.

HU Diefei, WANG Yan, YAO Juming, DAS Ripon, MILITKY Jiri, VENKATARAMAN Mohanapriya, ZHU Guocheng. Study on performance of nanofiber air filter materials[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(05): 77-83.

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试样编号	膜材料	基材
1^#	静电纺聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维膜	聚丙烯(PP)熔喷布
2^#	静电纺锦纶6(PA6)纳米纤维复合膜	纺粘聚酯(PET)非织造布
3^#	膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)纳米膜	ES热风棉
4^#	聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纳米膜	热轧非织造布
5^#	聚四氟乙烯纳米膜	ES热风棉
6^#	静电纺PA6纳米纤维膜	木浆纸

样品编号	过滤效率/%	过滤阻力/Pa	品质因数/Pa^-1
1^#	97.59±0.063	47.3±6.94	0.079
2^#	99.57±1.714	100.5±1.80	0.054
3^#	97.62±0.716	59.7±2.49	0.063
4^#	98.03±0.447	45.6±1.74	0.086
5^#	99.41±0.279	58.8±1.60	0.087
6^#	22.28±1.857	76.0±2.23	0.003

纳米纤维复合结构空气过滤材料性能研究

Study on performance of nanofiber air filter materials

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