基于超临界二氧化碳的高效低阻聚丙烯熔喷纤维制备及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20211006006

纺织学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (01): 87-92.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20211006006

基于超临界二氧化碳的高效低阻聚丙烯熔喷纤维制备及其性能

谭林立¹^,²(), 秦柳¹^,²^,³, 李英儒¹^,², 邓伶俐¹^,², 谢知音¹^,², 李时东¹^,²

1.湖北民族大学智能科学与工程学院, 湖北恩施 445000
2.湖北民族大学超轻弹性体材料绿色制造国家民委重点实验室, 湖北恩施 445000
3.宁波格林美孚新材料科技有限公司, 浙江宁波 315300

收稿日期:2021-10-26 修回日期:2022-05-26 出版日期:2023-01-15 发布日期:2023-02-16
作者简介:谭林立(1987—),男,讲师,博士。主要研究方向为微纳米纤维的绿色制备。E-mail:2019042@hbmzu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BAB078);湖北省教育厅中青年人才项目(Q20201901);湖北省教育厅团队项目(T2021013);超轻弹性体材料绿色制造国家民委重点实验室开放基金项目(MY2020Z001);湖北民族大学校内培育项目(PY20026);国家自然科学基金项目(32160610)

Preparation and performance of high efficiency and low resistance polypropylene melt-blown fiber based on supercritical carbon dioxide

TAN Linli¹^,²(), QIN Liu¹^,²^,³, LI Yingru¹^,², DENG Lingli¹^,², XIE Zhiyin¹^,², LI Shidong¹^,²

1. College of Intelligent Systems Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 445000, China
2. Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Enshi, Hubei 445000,China
3. Ningbo GMF New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang 315300, China

Received:2021-10-26 Revised:2022-05-26 Published:2023-01-15 Online:2023-02-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为降低聚丙烯(PP)熔喷纤维的直径,解决其在空气过滤过程中过滤效率和过滤阻力之间的矛盾,借助静电场和超临界二氧化碳协同静电场制备PP熔喷纤维,并对PP纤维的形貌、过滤性能、力学性能进行表征与分析。结果表明:在制备过程中添加静电场后,PP纤维的平均直径从3.22 μm降低至2.44 μm,在此基础上经超临界二氧化碳处理后PP纤维的平均直径进一步降低至1.73 μm,最小纤维直径达780 nm;随着纤维直径的降低,PP纤维直径分布变窄,纤维间黏结点减少,孔隙率和比表面积增加,微纳米纤维的过滤效率和过滤阻力均得到明显改善,其对0.3 μm的颗粒物过滤效率高达99.25%,32 L/min气流量下过滤阻力仅为23 Pa。

关键词: 聚丙烯, 静电场, 超临界二氧化碳, 微纳米纤维, 熔喷纤维, 过滤性能

Abstract:

Objective This work was carried out to reduce the diameter of melt-blown polypropylene (PP) fabric and to solve the contradiction between filtration efficiency and filtration resistance of the melt-blown fabric during air filtration.
Method Two types of novel PP superfine melt-blown fiber were prepared. One was prepared by melt-blowing assisted by electrostatic field, and the other was prepared by firstly treating PP with supercritical carbon dioxide and then melt-blowing assisted by electrostatic field.
Results PP melt-blown fiber was prepared by melt-blowing assisted by electrostatic field. The fiber was thinned, the average diameter of the fiber was decreased from 3.22 μm to 2.44 μm by about 24.2%, and the filtration efficiency was increased from 98.78% to 99.01%. After supercritical CO₂ treatment, the viscosity of PP melt decreased, and the average diameter of the fiber was further decreased to 1.73 μm with the minimum diameter of 780 nm under the synergistic effect between electrostatic field and airflow field. With the decrease of the fiber diameter, the fiber diameter distribution became narrower, the bond point between fibers was decreased, the porosity and specific surface area were increased, and the fiber was more likely to capture the charge generated by corona discharge in the electret process, significantly improving the barrier capability and air permeability of micro-nano fiber. In other words, the contradiction between filtration efficiency and filtration resistance was effectively overcome. The filtration efficiency of the prepared melt-blown fiber was 99.25% for 0.3 μm particles, the filtration resistance was only 23 Pa, with a satisfactory quality factor of 0.213 Pa^-1. Compared with ordinary PP melt-blowing fiber, the breaking strength of melt-blown fiber prepared assisted by only electrostatic field or the combination of supercritical CO₂ treatment and electrostatic field decreased from 2.12 MPa of conventional melt-blown fiber to 1.17 and 1.26 MPa, representing decrease rates of about 44.8% and 40.0%, respectively. The elongation at break was significantly improved, and the decrease of the breaking strength was mainly attributed to the decrease of fiber diameter. In addition, the effective bonding points between fibers became fewer, leading to further reduction in fiber strength.
Conclusion Two types of novel PP superfine melt-blown fiber were prepared, by melt-blowing assisted by electrostatic field and by melt-blowing assisted by electrostatic field following the fiber treatment by supercritical carbon dioxide. Thanks to the synergistic effect of supercritical carbon dioxide pre-treatment and the assistance of electrostatic field, the prepared melt-blowing fiber shows good barrier capability as well as good air permeability. The contradiction between filtration efficiency and filtration resistance of melt-blown fiber in the process of air filtration is effectively solved.

Key words: polypropylene, electrostatic field, supercritical carbon dioxide, micro-nano fiber, melt-blown fiber, filtration performance

中图分类号:

TS176

谭林立, 秦柳, 李英儒, 邓伶俐, 谢知音, 李时东. 基于超临界二氧化碳的高效低阻聚丙烯熔喷纤维制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2023, 44(01): 87-92.

TAN Linli, QIN Liu, LI Yingru, DENG Lingli, XIE Zhiyin, LI Shidong. Preparation and performance of high efficiency and low resistance polypropylene melt-blown fiber based on supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(01): 87-92.

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参考文献 17

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制备条件	不同粒径颗粒物的过滤效率/%
制备条件	0.3 μm	0.5 μm	1.0 μm	2.5 μm
常规纺丝	98.78	99.00	100.00	100.00
静电场	99.01	99.23	100.00	100.00
超临界CO₂协同静电场	99.25	99.54	100.00	100.00

制备条件	孔隙率/%	平均孔径/μm	过滤阻力/Pa		品质因子/Pa^-1
制备条件	孔隙率/%	平均孔径/μm	32 L/min	85 L/min	品质因子/Pa^-1
常规纺丝	68.10	14.86	55	148	0.080
静电场	70.05	13.79	51	134	0.091
超临界CO₂ 协同静电场	72.00	12.95	23	84	0.213

原料	制备方法	过滤效率/%	过滤阻力/Pa	品质因子/Pa^-1	参考文献
PP	熔体静电纺	99.23	8.60	0.566	[4]
PP/ATBC	熔体静电纺	99.95	195.20	0.039	[17]
PP/PS	熔喷	99.87	37.73	0.176	[5]
PP/PEG	熔喷	85.33	55.53	0.035	[11]
PP	熔喷协同静电场	99.25	23.00	0.213	本文

制备条件	断裂伸长率/%	断裂强度/MPa
常规纺丝	18.38	2.12
静电场	22.50	1.17
超临界CO₂协同静电场	44.81	1.26

基于超临界二氧化碳的高效低阻聚丙烯熔喷纤维制备及其性能

Preparation and performance of high efficiency and low resistance polypropylene melt-blown fiber based on supercritical carbon dioxide

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