纺织学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (07): 1-8.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220307508

• 特约论文 •    下一篇

废旧棉/涤混纺织物的组分快速分离及其含量测定

张晓程1, 周彦1,2, 田卫国1, 乔昕1, 贾锋伟3, 许丽丽3, 张金明1, 张军1,2()   

  1. 1.中国科学院化学研究所 工程塑料重点实验室, 北京 100190
    2.中国科学院大学 化学学院, 北京 100049
    3.山东中科恒联生物基材料有限公司, 山东 潍坊 261106
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-21 修回日期:2022-04-19 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2022-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 张军
  • 作者简介:张晓程(1985—),女,助理研究员,硕士。主要研究方向为低品质纤维素高值化利用。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1910300);国家自然科学基金委地区联合基金项目(U2004211)

Rapid separation and content determination of fibers from waste cotton/polyester blended fabrics

ZHANG Xiaocheng1, ZHOU Yan1,2, TIAN Weiguo1, QIAO Xin1, JIA Fengwei3, XU Lili3, ZHANG Jinming1, ZHANG Jun1,2()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    2. College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3. Shandong Zhongke Henglian Biobased Materials Co., Ltd., Weifang, Shandong 261106, China
  • Received:2022-03-21 Revised:2022-04-19 Published:2022-07-15 Online:2022-07-29
  • Contact: ZHANG Jun

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摘要：

基于高效溶解纤维素的低黏度离子液体/共溶剂体系,提出了一种废旧棉/涤(PET)混纺织物的组分分离与含量测定方法。考察了离子液体与共溶剂的种类及比例对废旧棉/涤混纺织物各组分的溶解能力、溶液黏度及分离过程对回收组分结构与性能的影响规律。结果表明:1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐/二甲基亚砜(质量比为1:1)共溶剂体系可选择性高效溶解棉/涤混纺织物中的纤维素成分,所得纤维素溶液黏度较低,经简单过滤即可实现棉/涤混纺织物中纤维素和PET的高效分离,该溶解分离过程在25~60 ℃即可实现,纤维素组分几乎不降解,可进一步加工成膜、纤维及凝胶微球等材料,未经预粉碎的废旧织物分离后回收的PET纤维形态完整,纯度高。该方法不仅能实现棉/涤混纺织物的组分分离,而且能准确测定棉(纤维素)和涤(PET)组成含量,有助于废旧纺织物的高效回收与再利用,具有重要的应用前景。

关键词: 废旧纺织品, 棉/涤混纺织物, 离子液体, 共溶剂, 纤维素

Abstract:

Based on ionic liquid/co-solvent system with excellent dissolving capability for cellulose and relatively low viscosity, a method for rapid component separation and content determination for waste cotton/polyester blended fabrics was proposed. The effect of ionic liquid and co-solvent on the dissolving capability, solution viscosity, structure and properties of separated components was studied. The results indicate that the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (the mass ratio is 1:1) system can selectively dissolve cellulose in the cotton/polyester blended fabrics, and the resultant cellulose solution has a low viscosity. Subsequently, after a simple filtration, cellulose and polyester fibers can be completely separated under simple and mild conditions, with the separation temperature to be 25-60 ℃. The cellulose component is almost non-degradable, and can be processed into film, fibers and microspheres. The polyester component with a high purity can also be separated and keep its original textile morphology in blended fabrics. In summary, the ionic liquid/co-solvent method not only can high-efficiently separate the components of the cotton/polyester blended fabrics, but also can accurately measure the components content. Therefore, this work provides a promising and useful method to the recycling and re-utilization of waste textiles, indicating a great potential in the practical applications.

Key words: waste textiles, cotton/polyester blended fabric, ionic liquid, co-solvent, cellulose

中图分类号: 

  • O636.1

图1

织物照片"

图2

离子液体及离子液体/共溶剂溶解棉/涤织物示意图"

图3

BmimAc/DMSO溶解分离预处理后棉/涤混纺织物照片"

图4

不同离子液体、离子液体/共溶剂及纤维素溶液的剪切黏度曲线"

图5

AmimCl/DMSO与BmimAc/DMSO共溶剂体系对棉/涤混纺织物的溶解过程"

图6

不同质量比BmimAc/DMSO共溶剂的纤维素溶解能力"

图7

BmimAc/DMSO溶解分离棉/涤混纺织物前后纤维素聚合度变化"

图8

分离前后棉和PET组分的化学结构和热性能"

表1

棉/涤混纺织物成分快速分离回收后组分含量测定结果"

混纺织物棉和涤组分
含量标签值		 混纺织物棉和涤组分含量
新方法测定值
棉 涤纶 棉 涤纶
55 45 54.5 45.3
70 30 69.4 30.0
89 11 88.6 11.0
100 0 99.6 —

图9

离子液体共溶剂体系溶解分离棉/涤织物流程图"

图10

分离后棉和涤组分的成形性照片"

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