纺织学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (01): 30-37.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220705708

• 特约专栏:纺织科技前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

热湿舒适性智能织物的研究进展

陈佳慧1,2, 梅涛1, 赵青华1, 尤海宁1, 王雯雯1, 王栋1()   

  1. 1.武汉纺织大学 纺织纤维及制品教育部重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430200
    2.武汉纺织大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 湖北 武汉 430200
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-18 修回日期:2022-10-08 出版日期:2023-01-15 发布日期:2023-02-16
  • 通讯作者: 王栋(1979—),男,教授,博士。主要研究方向为纤维新材料及其与生物、电子、能源、环境等交叉学科领域的创新研究。E-mail:wangdon08@126.com。
  • 作者简介:陈佳慧(1991—),女,博士。主要研究方向为纤维基智能驱动材料。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51873166);国家自然科学基金项目(51873165)

Research progress in smart fabrics for thermal and humidity management

CHEN Jiahui1,2, MEI Tao1, ZHAO Qinghua1, YOU Haining1, WANG Wenwen1, WANG Dong1()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    2. College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
  • Received:2022-07-18 Revised:2022-10-08 Published:2023-01-15 Online:2023-02-16

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摘要：

针对当前空调制冷与供暖中造成的能源消耗激增与实现“双碳”的全球目标之间出现巨大矛盾,实现由智能织物对人体自身热湿舒适性调节从而降低能耗成为亟需解决的问题。根据当前热湿舒适性智能织物的研究,概述了人体热湿舒适性调节原理;介绍了由高性能材料(如高红外线反射、高导热、高红外线透过材料)制备的热湿舒适性智能织物以及通过纤维或织物结构控制实现的智能织物(如保暖、吸湿快干、智能热湿调节织物)。分析了不同调节方式的智能织物制备方法及现阶段面临的困难和挑战;提出可制备新型热湿刺激响应纤维,通过纤维的低成本、大规模生产达到智能热湿调节织物的生产及广泛应用;展望了热湿舒适性智能织物在“双碳”背景下,推动智能服装发展的应用前景。

关键词: 智能织物, 热湿舒适性, 红外线反射材料, 导热材料, 红外线透过材料, 吸湿快干

Abstract:

Significance With rapid development of today's social population and the increasing scarcity of fossil energy, a huge contradiction arose between the surge in energy consumption, e.g., from air conditioning, and the global goals of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality". The large amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by air-conditioning, refrigeration and heating have also become an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a new method for effectively adjusting the thermal and moist comfort of the human body so as to reduce the energy consumption caused by air conditioning. Textiles can also play a role in managing human comfort in daily life, but would mainly rely on the thickness of clothing to regulate human body temperature. In order to better meet the modern day requirements for life comfort, the active adjustment of smart textiles has demonstrated the potential for adjusting the human body's thermal and moist comfort, thereby reducing the energy consumption in the process of cooling and heating by air conditioning. Under the premise of the "double carbon" goal, this has could be a promising solution.
Progress This review summarizes the research progress in adjusting the thermal and moist comfort of the human body by using smart fabrics. The principle of regulating the thermal and moist condition of the human body through the fabric is introduced. In addition, the researches and mechanisms of the current study on regulating the thermal and moist comfort of the human body by means of fabric materials or fabric structures have been summarized. Coating or combining high-performance materials was adopted to prepare thermal and moist comfort fabrics aiming to regulating human body temperature. High infrared reflection materials such as silver and titanium dioxide, high thermal conductivity materials such as boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs), and high infrared transmission materials such as polyethylene (PE) are proposed. All of these high-performance materials can be used for raising or decreasing the body temperature. The review also introduces the thermal and moist comfort adjustment of smart fabrics caused by different fibers and fabric structures, such as thermal fabrics made of porous fibers, moisture-absorbing and quick-drying fabrics caused by asymmetric structures, and intelligent adjustment fabric that can respond to changes in fabric pore size caused by external temperature and humidity. Finally, this review paper analyzed and discussed the current difficulties and challenges in smart fabrics with different fabrication methods.
Conclusion and Prospect The smart fabric that can manage thermal and humid conditions of human body is necessary and the key is energy shortage. However, the performances of the thermal management, humidity management or thermal and humidity management of the recent smart fabric are directly affected and limited by the materials. Few high-performance functional materials can be utilized to fabricate smart fabrics. In addition, the main technical means of preparing thermal and moist comfort smart fabrics are coatings and material composites. However, the stability of coatings, the compatibility of composite materials, and the difficulty of industrial production limit the development of thermal and moist comfort smart fabrics. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare new fibers that can respond to external heat and humidity stimuli, so as to realize the preparation of fabrics that can intelligently regulate human body temperature and humidity. Additionally, the ease of construction, preparation, and large-scale production of fibers can reduce the cost of smart fabric production. Finally, the current preparation methods and functional principles of intelligent thermal-moist comfort fabrics are summarized, and a low-cost and large-scale preparation method for intelligent thermal-moist comfort fabrics is proposed by technological innovation of fibers.

Key words: smart fabric, thermal and moist comfort, infrared radiation material, heat conduction material, infrared transmission material, moisture absorption and quick drying

中图分类号: 

  • TS1

图1

人体、织物与环境之间的传热方式示意图"

图2

氮化硼/聚乙烯醇复合纤维作为制冷织物的结构与散热示意图"

图3

PE/PA6复合织物的制备及应用"

图4

仿生多孔纤维的微观形貌图及保暖织物的应用"

图5

三维结构吸湿快干织物结构示意图"

图6

羊毛织物随外界湿度变化时织物孔隙结构的变化"

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