汽车座椅用织物的复合工艺及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20220708001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为降低汽车座椅用织物的制备成本,表层织物利用双层小提花组织设计,采用一定比例的阻燃涤纶与普通涤纶进行交织,兼顾装饰、阻燃、耐磨等性能;中间层使用不同结构的经编间隔织物(WKSF)替代海绵,提高透气性、环保性及缓压性能;里层织物采用涤纶针织物。采用热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)热熔胶网膜黏合剂将3层织物复合层压,研究复合工艺中温度、时间、施胶量等参数对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:优化复合工艺的温度为120 ℃、时间为100 s、施胶量为50 g/m²;当间隔织物网眼数为45个/(25 cm²),厚度为7.12 mm,间隔丝密度为39.71根/cm²时,中间层织物对复合材料的剥离强力、透气性等性能最佳。通过该复合工艺设计的汽车座椅面料可将阻燃、透气、装饰、绿色环保等功能集于一体,从而适应高档汽车座椅用纺织品的需要。

关键词: 汽车座椅用织物, 复合层压, 经编间隔织物, 阻燃性, 剥离强力, 透气性

Abstract:

Objective The functional fabrics are one of the important research directions of automotive seat fabrics in recent years. The automotive seat fabrics were made of several materials with different properties to obtain composite functions. In this research, 33.3 tex flame-retardant polyester yarn and 33.3 tex ordinary polyester low-elastic yarn were used to produce the automotive seat fabric, using small jacquard stitching double structure, to achieve good decoration effect, and lame resistance. The warp-knitted spacer fabric (WKSP) offers satisfactory air permeability, breaking and tearing strength, and the elastic recovery, so it is a good material to replace sponge. The knitted fabrics are known to have excellent extension to achieve smooth fabric conformation.

Method In this work, a simple jacquard fabric was selected as surface fabric (1^#). The warp-knitted spacer fabric (WKSF) was used as the middle layer because of its good compression and resilience performance. A knitted fabric was selected as bottom fabric (2^#). Then, the 1^#, 2^# and WKSF were glued with a new type of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) hot melt adhesive through the self-developed hot pressing bonding machine to perform composite lamination. The laminating process was designed and applied. Under the optimized conditions, peel strength and air permeability were evaluated to explore the influence of WKSF of different structures on lamination.

Results Three factors, i.e. the temperature, time and glue amount, were studied and analyzed. The glue amount had a positive impact on the peeling strength, and the compounding time showed a favorable influence on the air permeability of the seat fabric. Meanwhile, TPU hot melt adhesive is a dopted to combine automotive seat fabrics, which could meet the standard or even far higher than the standard evaluation of car seat fabric in air permeability and peeling strength.The orthogonal experiment method was adopted to plan the experiments and the results revealed the optimal composite process parameters, which were composite temperature of 120 ℃, time of 100 s, and 50 g/m²glue application. A new material was WKSF of different structures as middle layer for automotive seat cover instead polymeric foam, and the number of meshes for WKSF and the density of spacer filaments could have an impact on the composite lamination results. A variety of factors of WKSF was comprehensively analyzed to obtain a better influence on the composite lamination by the gray near optimization method. When the number of meshes could be obtained 45 mesh number/(25 cm²), the thickness was 7.12 mm, and the density of spacer filaments was 39.71 pieces/cm², composite automotive seat fabric had excellent performances in air permeability and peeling strength.

Conclusion The results show that composite car seat fabric materials have multi-functions, such as decoration and preservation type. The surface layer use flame-retardant polyester fibers and ordinary polyester fibers to interweave, double-layer small jacquard to increase aesthetic and flame-retardant.The WKSF as middle layer in car seat cover has an important role of supporting frame, and it could help solve environmental protection problems and recycling problems.Through composite lamination, the automotive seat fabric can achieve better flame retardancy, air permeability, resilience, peeling strength, etc, which can improve the grade, comfort, beauty, green environmental protection of automotive seat fabric, and could meet requirements of automotive seat textiles completely.

Key words: automotive seat fabric, composite lamination, warp knitted spacer fabric, flame retardant, peel strength, air permeability

中图分类号:

TS101.8

何芳, 郭嫣, 韩朝旭, 刘铭燊, 杨瑞瑞. 汽车座椅用织物的复合工艺及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2024, 45(05): 79-84.

HE Fang, GUO Yan, HAN Chaoxu, LIU Mingshen, YANG Ruirui. Composite technology and properties of fabrics for automotive seat[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(05): 79-84.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20220708001

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V45/I05/79

图/表 9

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表2

表3

层压复合工艺正交试验结果分析表"

样品编号	A	B	C	表层-中间层		里层-中间层		透气率/ (mm·s^-1)
样品编号	A	B	C	剥离强力/N	CV值	剥离强力/N	CV值	透气率/ (mm·s^-1)
1	1	1	1	35.00	0.042 0	34.07	0.024 7	809.27
2	1	2	2	41.51	0.093 3	56.03	0.134 5	705.63
3	1	3	3	64.45	0.175 0	59.80	0.110 6	610.38
4	2	1	3	40.26	0.134 9	42.88	0.111 5	680.72
5	2	2	1	44.68	0.111 8	56.85	0.164 1	637.17
6	2	3	2	35.84	0.023 9	41.71	0.086 3	685.79
7	3	1	2	35.04	0.045 7	39.25	0.078 0	747.07
8	3	2	3	33.56	0.024 6	38.54	0.044 6	644.26
9	3	3	1	35.33	0.025 8	43.54	0.075 6	670.35
$K 1 ¯$	46.98	36.76	34.80	对表层-中间层的剥离强力直观分析优化工艺为A₁B₃C₃
$K 2 ¯$	40.26	39.91	39.03
$K 3 ¯$	34.64	45.20	48.05
R	12.34	8.44	13.25
$K 1 ¯$	0.103 4	0.074 2	0.030 2	对表层-中间层的CV值直观分析优化工艺为A₃B₁C₁
$K 2 ¯$	0.090 2	0.076 6	0.084 7
$K 3 ¯$	0.032 0	0.074 9	0.110 9
R	0.071 4	0.000 7	0.080 7
$K 1 ¯$	49.96	38.73	38.10	对里层-中间层的剥离强力直观分析优化工艺为 A₁B₂C₃
$K 2 ¯$	47.14	50.47	47.48
$K 3 ¯$	40.44	48.35	51.96
R	9.52	11.74	13.86
$K 1 ¯$	0.089 9	0.071 4	0.051 9	对里层-中间层的CV值直观分析优化工艺为A₃B₁C₁
$K 2 ¯$	0.120 6	0.114 4	0.107 2
$K 3 ¯$	0.066 1	0.090 8	0.117 6
R	0.089 9	0.071 4	0.051 9
$K 1 ¯$	662.35	745.69	713.12	对透气率直观分析优化工艺为A₃B₁C₁
$K 2 ¯$	667.89	662.35	685.57
$K 3 ¯$	687.22	655.51	664.87
R	24.87	90.18	48.23

表3

表4

参考文献 15

[1]	李彬, 付丹, 熊芬, 等. 汽车座椅面料防水性影响因素分析[J]. 毛纺科技, 2020, 48(7):63-66.
	LI Bin, FU Dan, XIONG Fen, et al. Analysis of influencing factors of waterproof property of automobile seat fabric[J]. Wool Textile Journal, 2020, 48 (7): 63-66.
[2]	邹志军, 汽车座椅面料产品的开发研究[J]. 时代汽车, 2019(7):136-137.
	ZOU Zhijun, Research and development of automotive seat fabric products[J]. Auto Time, 2019 (7): 136-137.
[3]	NAL P G, KAYSERI G Z, MECIT H D. Comfort-related properties of double-layered woven car seat fabrics[J]. Autex Research Journal, 2021.DOI:10.2478/AUT-2021-0023.
[4]	杨明. 汽车座椅用层压复合织物的开发及阻燃性能研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉纺织大学, 2015:1-2.
	YANG Ming. Development of laminated composite fabrics for automobile seats and research on their flame retardancy[D] Wuhan: Wuhan Textile University, 2015:1-2.
[5]	STANA Kovaevic, DARKO Ujevic, JACQUELINE Domjanic, et al. Laminated textile composites problems with bonding layers and sewing[J]. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 2021 51(4):5640-5657.
[6]	乌婧, 江振林, 吉鹏, 等. 纺织品前瞻性制备技术及应用研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 纺织学报, 2023, 44(1):1-10.
	WU Jing, JIANG Zhenlin, JI Peng et al. Current status and development trend of textile forward-looking preparation technology and application research[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(1):1-10.
[7]	GUO Yan, LIN Chen, SHENG Qiang, et al. Preparation and characterization of flame retardant automobile fabric[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, 1948(1):122-126.
[8]	孙雨晴, 陈思. 经编间隔织物的热湿舒适性能[J]. 上海纺织科技, 2021, 49(7):58-60.
	SUN Yuqin, CHEN Si. Thermal and wet comfort of warp knitted spacer fabric[J]. Shanghai Textile Science & Technology, 2021, 49 (7): 58-60.
[9]	韩俊霞, 夏风林, 张琦. 经编提花间隔汽车座椅套的接缝性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2016, 37(2):67-72.
	HAN Junxia, XIA Fenglin, ZHANG Qi. Seam performance of warp knitted jacquard spacer car seat cover[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2016, 37 (2): 67-72.
[10]	史千行, 范立成. PUR热熔胶在汽车内饰工艺上的应用[J]. 科技风, 2019(33):150.
	SHI Qianxing, FAN Licheng. Application of PUR hot melt adhesive in automotive interior technology[J]. Technology Wind, 2019 (33): 150.
[11]	CHAO ZHI, GUO Qing, et al. Compression properties of syntactic foam reinforced by warp-knitted spacer fabric: theoretical compression strength model and experimental verification[J]. Cellular Polymers An International Journal 2015, 34(4):173-188.
[12]	GUO Yan, CHEN Lin, QIANG Sheng, et al. Comparing properties of the warp-knitted spacer fabric instead of sponge for automobile seat fabric[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021. DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/1948/1/012196.
[13]	吴双全, 王楠, 谢姗山, 等. 汽车内饰纺织品整理技术研究与应用进展[J]. 针织工业, 2020(7):56-59.
	WU Shuangquan, WANG Nan, XIE Shanshan, et al. Research and application progress of automotive interior textile finishing technology[J]. Knitting Industries, 2020 (7): 56-59.
[14]	宋敏芳. 双层阻燃涤纶汽车座套面料的研发[D]. 西安: 西安工程大学, 2017:46-49.
	SONG Minfang. Research and development of double-layer flame-retardant polyester car seat cover fabric[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an Polytechnic University, 2017:46-49.
[15]	王建萍, 苗明珠, 沈德垚, 等. 仿生鸟羽结构针织面料开发与性能评价[J]. 纺织学报, 2022, 43(4):55-61.
	WANG Jianping, MIAO Mingzhu, SHEN Deyao, et al. Development and performance evaluation of bionic bird feather knitted fabric[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43 (4): 55-61.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

织物编号	网眼数/ (个· (25 cm²)^-1)	厚度/ mm	间隔丝密度/ (根·cm^-2)	面密度/ (g·m^-2)
WKSF1	45	7.12	39.71	546.40
WKSF2	58	5.41	48.85	378.13
WKSF3	80	4.81	41.67	275.22
WKSF4	95	4.99	70.66	346.36

试样编号	透气率/ (mm·s^-1)	表层-中间层		里层-中间层
试样编号	透气率/ (mm·s^-1)	剥离强力/N	CV值	剥离强力/N	CV值
WKSF1	1 112.75	39.29	0.036 6	36.95	0.044 7
WKSF2	1 001.96	36.66	0.042 2	40.52	0.040 7
WKSF3	414.33	40.23	0.083 7	43.71	0.081 2
WKSF4	752.47	38.01	0.059 1	43.34	0.059 6