基于睡袋温标模型的被子舒适温度测定与可行性验证

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20220804208

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高人体睡眠质量,满足热舒适需求,探究被子的舒适温度,基于睡袋温标模型提出了被子舒适低温和舒适高温的计算方法。为验证计算方法的可行性,测试了4种不同填充量的蚕丝、鹅绒和化纤被的热舒适性。通过睡眠实验获得10名受试者在所计算的舒适温度下使用各类被子时的皮肤温度和主观热感受。结果表明:不同种类被子的舒适高温和舒适低温存在差异,且二者的差值随着被子填充量的增加而增大;使用不同种类的被子时,平均皮肤温度和远端-近端皮肤温度梯度存在显著差异,与主观感觉评价相一致,表明了基于睡袋温标模型计算的被子舒适温度对于不同填充物被子的适用性不同;舒适低温用于鹅绒和化纤被较合理,可满足人体的睡眠热舒适需求,而对于蚕丝被偏低,受试者感觉偏冷;舒适高温适用于蚕丝被,对于鹅绒和化纤被偏高,受试者感觉偏热。

关键词: 睡袋温标模型, 被子, 被子舒适温度, 睡眠热舒适, 热生理, 被服系统

Abstract:

Objective Quilts, as one of the essential components of the bedding system, play an important role in the sleeping comfort of human beings. With the variations in geographic locations and season alterations, people have to select quilts properly to satisfy the thermal comfort for the sleeping environment. However, limited studies have investigated the quilt applicable temperatures. Sleeping bags have similar functions as quilts and their temperature rating model has been commonly applied in practice. Therefore, this study was carried out to explore the validation of determining comfort temperature for quilts based on the temperature rating model of sleeping bags.
Method Based on the sleeping bag temperature rating model, the method for calculating the lower and upper boundaries of comfortable temperature of quilts was proposed. In order to validate the calculation method, the thermal comfort of 3 types of quilts (i.e., silk, down and polyester) was studied. Each type of quilt involved 4 filling weights. The whole-night sleeping trials were performed by 10 participants to acquire their skin temperatures and subjective thermal perception when using each quilt in its designated temperatures.
Results The result showed that due to different thermal insulating property, different types of quilt had different upper and lower comfortable temperatures, and the difference between the upper and lower comfortable temperatures increased with the increase of filling weights (Fig. 4). Both the mean skin temperatures and distal-proximal skin temperature gradients (DPG) showed significant differences in using different types of quilt (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). The average mean skin temperatures during 1-8 h in the usage of silk, down and polyester quilts were 34.0, 34.5 and 34.9 ℃ respectively as the lower boundary of the comfortable temperature, and they were 35.1, 35.5 and 35.6 ℃ as the upper boundary of comfortable temperature. The DPG during 1-8 h in the usage of silk, down and polyester quilts were from -1.8 to -0.8 ℃, -1.2 to -0.4 ℃ and -0.9 to -0.1 ℃ respectively for the lower comfortable temperature, and were from -0.8 to -0.2 ℃, -0.4 to 0.3 ℃ and -0.2 to -0.3 ℃ for the upper comfortable temperature. The subjective evaluation results demonstrated high agreement with physiological responses (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8). At the lower comfortable temperatures, most participants felt uncomfortably cool when using the silk quilts but generally comfortable when using down and polyester quilts. While at the upper comfortable temperatures, it was most thermally comfortable when using the silk quilts but uncomfortably warm when using down and polyester quilts. At the lower comfortable temperatures, the proportion of "no change" was the highest (>90%) for polyester quilts followed by down quilts (>50%), as shown in Tab. 3, but most participants preferred "warmer" when using silk quilts. At the upper comfortable temperatures, using silk quilts had the highest thermal satisfaction ("no change" >80%) but over 60% of participants preferred cooler when using polyester and down quilts. The differences in physiological and subjective responses in the usage of different quilts could be attributed to the variation in their water vapor permeability. Compared to the polyester and down quilts, the silk quilts have the highest water vapor transmitting rate, and thus require higher air temperature to maintain thermal comfort.
Conclusion The quilt comfortable temperatures calculated based on the sleeping bag temperature rating model had different applicability for quilts with different fillers. The lower comfortable temperatures were reasonable for down and polyester quilts while they were underestimated for silk quilts. The upper comfortable temperatures were suitable for silk quilts but were overestimated for down and polyester quilts. Thus, it is concluded that the water vapor transmitting index in the sleeping bag temperature rating model should be modified according to the moisture permeability of quilts. Moreover, considering the thermal comfort of different body parts, multi-node human sleeping models would improve the accuracy of determining the quilt comfortable temperatures.

Key words: temperature rating model of sleeping bag, quilt, quilt comfortable temperature, sleeping thermal comfort, thermal physiology, bedding system

中图分类号:

TS941.75

郑晴, 严芳英, 柯莹, 王鸿博. 基于睡袋温标模型的被子舒适温度测定与可行性验证[J]. 纺织学报, 2023, 44(02): 151-158.

ZHENG Qing, YAN Fangying, KE Ying, WANG Hongbo. Determination and validation of comfort temperatures for quilts based on temperature rating model of sleeping bags[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(02): 151-158.

图/表 11

表1

热传递模型参数选择"

指标	产热量 M/(W·m^-2)	平均皮肤温度 T_sk/℃	被服系统热阻 R_ct/(m²·℃·W^-1)	透湿指数 i_m
舒适低温	43.5	34.4	$R c t (1)$	0.52
舒适高温	43.5	35.1	$R c t (2)$	0.30

表1

图1

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表3

参考文献 26

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被子编号	填充物		被服系统热阻/ (m²·℃·W^-1)		舒适温度计算值/℃
被子编号	种类	填充量/g	R_ct(1)	R_ct(2)	舒适低温	舒适高温
S1	蚕丝	230	0.44	0.29	18	24
S2	蚕丝	700	0.55	0.34	14	22
S3	蚕丝	1 400	0.63	0.37	11	21
S4	蚕丝	2 000	0.69	0.40	9	20
D1	鹅绒	150	0.49	0.29	16	24
D2	鹅绒	350	0.60	0.34	12	22
D3	鹅绒	750	0.69	0.37	9	21
D4	鹅绒	1 000	0.71	0.40	8	20
P1	化纤	200	0.33	0.23	22	26
P2	化纤	550	0.44	0.26	18	25
P3	化纤	1 400	0.57	0.32	13	23
P4	化纤	2 300	0.63	0.34	11	22