纺织学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (03): 163-168.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221005201

• 服装工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

新修定的化学防护服国家标准解析

杨光1,2, 杨小兵1,2(), 栗丽1,2, 姚之凤3, 周川1,2, 张明明3   

  1. 1.国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室, 北京 100191
    2.雾霾健康效应与防护北京市重点实验室, 北京 100191
    3.中国安全生产科学研究院, 北京 100012
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-28 修回日期:2023-12-18 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 杨小兵
  • 作者简介:杨光(1982—),男,副研究员,硕士。主要研究方向为核生化防护技术、功能材料及标准化。
  • 基金资助:
    国家标准制修订计划项目(20183371-Q-450);中国安全生产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2022JBKY03)

Analysis of newly revised national standard for chemical protective clothing

YANG Guang1,2, YANG Xiaobing1,2(), LI Li1,2, YAO Zhifeng3, ZHOU Chuan1,2, ZHANG Mingming3   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100191, China
    2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, Beijing 100191, China
    3. China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China
  • Received:2022-12-28 Revised:2023-12-18 Published:2024-03-15 Online:2024-04-15
  • Contact: YANG Xiaobing

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摘要：

为厘清化学防护服国家标准修订后的情况,通过分析我国化学防护服国家标准发展历史,研究国外化学防护服标准,重点针对修订后的GB 24539—2021《防护服装 化学防护服》的变化,从化学防护服的分类、性能要求、试验方法等方面对该标准加以解读。分析发现:GB 24539—2021将相关标准进行整合,对化学防护服的分类进行了较大的调整和更新,删除了非气密型化学防护服-ET,增加了气密型化学防护服、有限泼溅化学防护服和织物酸碱类化学防护服;相应地,性能要求也产生了较大变化,主要包括服装整体防护性能、服装面料防护性能及服装面料理化性能;GB 24539—2021中的大部分试验方法沿用了之前相关标准中的试验方法,但也进行了相应的改进和完善,主要包括试样预处理条件和试验环境条件、化学防护服向内泄漏率测试方法、化学防护服液密性能测试方法、化学防护服面料耐磨损性能测试方法和耐屈挠破坏性能测试方法。

关键词: 国家标准, 防护服装, 化学防护服, 防护性能, 耐磨损性能

Abstract:

Objective This paper aims to clarify the situation after the revision of the national standard for chemical protective clothing to enhance correct understanding the new specifications of chemical protective clothing. It is expected that this work will help engineers make scientific and reasonable selection of chemical protective clothing from the perspectives of protective performance and service performance based on the hazard degree of chemicals in different job sites, to ensure the personal health and life and property safety of users.

Method During developing the new national standard of chemical protective clothing in China, references were made to some foreign standards of chemical protective clothing, including International Organization for Standardization (ISO), European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Focusing on the changes in the revised GB 24539—2021 "Protective Clothing: Chemical Protective Clothing", this paper interprets the standard from the aspects of classification, performance requirements and test methods.

Results It is found that GB 24539—2021 integrated GB 24539—2009 "Protective Clothing: General Technical Requirements for Chemical Protective Clothing", GB 24540—2009 "Protective Clothing: Chemical Protective Clothing against Acids and Alkalis" and GB/T 29511—2013 "Protective clothing: Chemical Protective Clothing for Solid Particles", and the classification of chemical protective clothing was greatly adjusted and updated by deleting the non-airtight chemical protective clothing-ET, and by adding the airtight chemical protective clothing, limited liquid spray chemical protective clothing and woven material liquid acid and alkali chemical protective clothing. Accordingly, the performance requirements were also changed greatly, these mainly including the overall protective performance of clothing, the protective performance of clothing fabrics and the physical and chemical properties of clothing fabrics. Among them, liquid leakage performance in the overall protective performance of clothing was deleted, and inward leakage rate, limited liquid-tight spray performance and practical performance were added. New requirements for the protective performance of clothing fabrics were put forward in combination with various types of protective clothing which were reorganized. The grading indexes of wear resistance and flex resistance for physical and chemical properties of clothing fabrics were adjusted to better suit the actual situation of most protective clothing fabrics at present. Test methods in GB 24539—2021 mostly followed the test methods in the previous relevant standards, but they were also improved and perfected accordingly, including the sample pretreatment conditions and test environment conditions, the test method of inward leakage rate of chemical protective clothing, the test method of liquid tightness of chemical protective clothing, the test method of wear resistance of chemical protective clothing fabrics and the test method of bending resistance. Among them, the sample pretreatment conditions, and test environment conditions were added in the new revision which had not been unified and made clear in the previous standards. The test method of inward leakage rate of chemical protective clothing is a new content in this standard revision to evaluate the overall protective performance of airtight chemical protective clothing more comprehensively. The liquid tightness test of chemical protective clothing in the revised standard includes three test methods, which are respectively suitable for the liquid tightness test of jet liquid-tight chemical protective clothing, spray liquid-tight chemical protective clothing and limited liquid spray chemical protective clothing. As for the testing methods for abrasion resistance and flex resistance of chemical protective clothing fabrics, the qualitative evaluation method of visual observation was improved and two quantitative evaluation methods, i.e., the pressure tank method and hydrostatic pressure method, were added.

Conclusion The revised national standard of chemical protective clothing will play an important role in promoting market development, improving product quality, and protecting users' personal health and life safety.

Key words: national standard, protective clothing, chemical protective clothing, protective performance, wear resistance

中图分类号: 

  • TS941.731

表1

GB 24539修订前后化学防护服的分类对比"

类型 类型代号
GB 24539—2009 GB 24539—2021
气密型化学防护服-ET 1-ET 1-ET
气密型化学防护服 / 1
非气密型化学防护服-ET 2-ET /
喷射液密型化学防护服-ET 3a-ET 3-ET
喷射液密型化学防护服 3a 3
泼溅液密型化学防护服 3b 4
固体颗粒物化学防护服 4 5
有限泼溅化学防护服 / 6
织物酸碱类化学防护服 / 7

表2

CEN和ISO的化学防护服分类"

类型 标准编号
CEN ISO
气密型化学
防护服-ET		 EN 943-2:2019 ISO 17723-1:2019
气密型化学防护服 EN 943-1:2015/
A1:2019		 ISO 16602:2007/
A1:2012
非气密型
化学防护服		 / ISO 16602:2007/
A1:2012
液密型化学
防护服		 EN 14605:2005/
A1:2009		 ISO 16602:2007/
A1:2012
泼溅液密型
化学防护服		 EN 14605:2005/
A1:2009		 ISO 16602:2007/
A1:2012
固体颗粒物
化学防护服		 EN 13982-1:2004/
A1:2010		 ISO 16602:2007/
A1:2012
有限泼溅
化学防护服		 EN 13034:2005/
A1:2009		 ISO 16602:2007/
A1:2012

表3

GB 24539修订前后服装面料渗透性能要求对比"

防护服
类型		 GB 24539—2009 GB 24539—2021
化学品种类数 性能等级 化学品种类数 性能等级
1-ET 15 ≥3 15 ≥3
1 / / 12 ≥3
3-ET 1 ≥3 ≥12 ≥2
3 1 ≥3 1 ≥3
4 1 ≥1 1 ≥1

表4

GB 24539修订前后服装面料耐磨损性能分级对比"

耐磨损
性能级别		 循环次数
GB 24539—2009 GB 24539—2021
1 >10 >10
2 >100 >40
3 >500 >100
4 >1 000 >400
5 >1 500 >1 000
6 >2 000 >2 000

表5

GB 24539修订前后服装面料耐屈挠性能分级对比"

耐屈挠性能
级别		 循环次数
GB 24539—2009 GB 24539—2021
1 >1 000 >500
2 >2 500 >1 250
3 >5 000 >3 000
4 >15 000 >8 000
5 >40 000 >20 000
6 >100 000 >50 000

图1

化学防护服向内泄漏率测试(氯化钠)装置布局图 1—管路;2—挡板;3—雾化器;4—风扇;5—阀门;6—泵; 7—光度计;8—额外输入空气;9—压力计;10—测试腔取样; 11—呼吸区域取样;12—供气系统; 13—测试腔;14—跑步机。"

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