面料拉伸性能与运动文胸防震功能的定量关系

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20221102701

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究面料拉伸性能与运动文胸防震功能之间的定量关系,选取6种不同针织面料,先分别测量不同面料拉伸率为30%时的弹性模量来表征其拉伸性能,然后将这6种面料作为罩杯部分用料制作文胸,其它部位为同种面料。以运动假人为实验对象,在其表面选取7个位置粘贴标记点,采用三维人体动作捕捉系统,采集实验对象在模拟10 km/h跑步过程中各标记点的坐标变化,并计算出各点在局部坐标系下的相对位移。以运动过程中运动文胸对乳房竖直位移的减小作用来表征其防震功能,通过曲线拟合与模型筛选得出面料拉伸性能与文胸防震功能的定量关系。结果表明:6款罩杯面料动态最大拉伸率均值为30%,说明实验中用拉伸率为30%时的弹性模量表征面料的拉伸性能较为合理。罩杯面料弹性模量与乳房竖直位移间存在显著负相关,即面料弹性模量越大,乳房竖直位移越小,表明文胸防震功能越好;幂函数模型可作为以罩杯面料弹性模量预测75C实验对象10 km/h跑步运动时乳房竖直位移的首选模型。未来可通过测量罩杯与乳房之间的静动态压力及乳房-罩杯整体刚度探究罩杯面料拉伸性能对文胸防震功能的影响机制。

关键词: 运动文胸, 面料弹性模量, 防震功能, 乳房竖直位移, 曲线拟合, 运动假人

Abstract:

Objective Anti-shock performance of sports bras is closely related to the tensile properties of fabrics adopted to produce the sports bras, but seldom research was published on the qualitative and quantitative relationship between the two aspects. The aim of this study is to explore the quantitative relationship between the tensile properties of cup fabrics and the shock-absorbing performance of sports bras, and to provide data support for the optimization design of sports bras in the future. The study also aims to investigate the fabric stretching condition of sports bra during exercise.

Method Three coordinates of seven markers representing the trunk and breast movement were recorded with no bra and with six sports bras used. A dynamic mannequin with 75C-cup breasts was adopted to simulate the vertical breast movement at the running speed of 10 km/h. Six sports bras were produced with exactly the same structure, and the same materials except for the cup materials which were with different elasticity modulus in vertical direction. The quantitative relationship between elasticity modulus of cup materials and vertical breast displacement relative to trunk was fitted by ten curve-fit models. The static and dynamic stretch of cup materials were measured and calculated.

Results The mean maximum dynamic stretch of the six cup fabrics was (53.44±2.75) mm (rangeing from 50.63-58.55 mm). The mean maximum dynamic elongation of the six cup materials was 30.02% (ranging from 19.52% to 42.80%), implying that it is reasonable to select the elasticity modulus of 30% elongation as the index of cup fabrics. The vertical breast displacement under the no-bra condition was 21.84 mm, and the vertical breast displacement under the six bra conditions ranges from 9.69 mm to 19.76 mm. Pearson test result shows significant negative correlation (r=-0.886, P=0.019<0.05) between the elasticity modulus of cup materials and vertical breast displacement relative to trunk. Using vertical breast displacement under no-bra condition as the reference, less vertical breast displacement represents better shock absorption performance of a sports bra. The findings indicate that greater elastic modulus of cup fabrics induces better shock absorption performance of the bra, which may be resulted from greater stiffness of bra-breast unity relating to greater pressure at the interface of cup and breast exerted by cup fabrics. It was noted that the negative correlation between elastic modulus of cup fabrics and vertical breast displacement was nonlinear, and the vertical breast displacement decreased less as the elasticity modulus of cup materials increases. Eight of the ten curve fit models were screened by the significance of regression equations (P<0.05). The fitting degree (R²=0.891) of power function model was higher than that of other seven curve fit models, suggesting that power function can be adopted to predict the shock absorption performance of sports bras through the elasticity of cup materials. The quantitative relationship between the elasticity modulus of cup materials and vertical breast displacement can be expressed by the fitting equation lnB=-0.248lnE+ln64.289, where E represents the elasticity property modulus of cup fabrics and B represents vertical breast displacement of sports bra. The findings of this study also implied that it is feasible to employ the dynamic mannequin to evaluate performance and factors of the sports bras.

Conclusion The research showed that that 30% is a reasonable elongation to calculate the cup elasticity modulus when exploring the relationship between cup fabric and the performance of sports bra for women with 75C breasts when running at 10 km/h. The support performance of sports bras increases significantly as the elasticity modulus of cup fabrics increases. Power function can be adopted to predict the support performance of sports bras through cup elasticity modulus. For future research, the impacting mechanism of cup elastic properties on breast movement reduction should be explored by measuring the pressure exerted on the cup-breast interface and the stiffness of breast-cup unity.

Key words: sports bra elasticity modulus of fabric, shock absorption function, vertical breast displacement, curve fit, dynamic mannequin

中图分类号:

TS941.17

盛欣洋, 陈晓娜, 卢娅娅, 李艳梅, 孙光武. 面料拉伸性能与运动文胸防震功能的定量关系[J]. 纺织学报, 2024, 45(01): 161-167.

SHENG Xinyang, CHEN Xiaona, LU Yaya, LI Yanmei, SUN Guangwu. Quantitative relationship between fabric elasticity and shock absorption performance of sports bras[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(01): 161-167.

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面料编号	工艺类别	面料组织	成分(含量)	面密度/ (g·m^-2)	测试方向	不同伸长率下弹性模量/(N·m^-2)
面料编号	工艺类别	面料组织	成分(含量)	面密度/ (g·m^-2)	测试方向	伸长率20%	伸长率30%	伸长率40%
1	纬编	纬平针	锦纶/氨纶(75/25)	210	线圈纵行方向	333.4	400.1	504.2
1	纬编	纬平针	锦纶/氨纶(75/25)	210	线圈横列方向	248.5	256.6	269.2
2	纬编	罗纹	涤纶/氨纶(80/20)	250	线圈纵行方向	233.0	250.4	286.3
2	纬编	罗纹	涤纶/氨纶(80/20)	250	线圈横列方向	177.3	187.3	206.8
3	纬编	纬平针	锦纶/氨纶(87/13)	290	线圈纵行方向	408.8	511.5	645.8
3	纬编	纬平针	锦纶/氨纶(87/13)	290	线圈横列方向	240.1	239.6	249.2
4	纬编	纬平针	锦纶/氨纶(92/8)	240	线圈纵行方向	240.3	318.1	449.3
4	纬编	纬平针	锦纶/氨纶(92/8)	240	线圈横列方向	103.2	113.8	122.5
5	经编	纬平针	涤纶/氨纶(90/10)	250	线圈纵行方向	491.1	567.5	680.9
5	经编	纬平针	涤纶/氨纶(90/10)	250	线圈横列方向	1 826.0	1 838.8	1 953.2

样衣编号	面料编号	方向	弹性模量/(N·m^-2)
1^#	4	线圈横列方向	113.8
2^#	2	线圈纵列方向	187.3
3^#	4	线圈横列方向	318.1
4^#	1	线圈横列方向	400.1
5^#	3	线圈横列方向	511.5
6^#	5	线圈纵列方向	1 838.8

样衣编号	动态最大拉伸距离 d_max /mm	静态拉伸距离 d/mm	原长l₀/ mm	最大伸长率 S/%
1^#	58.55	50	41	42.80
2^#	53.91	50	43	25.37
3^#	50.63	50	38	33.23
4^#	51.69	50	41	26.07
5^#	53.25	50	40	33.13
6^#	52.59	50	44	19.52
平均值± 标准差	53.44±2.76	50	41±2	30.02

样衣编号	乳房竖直位移/mm
1^#	19.76±1.66
2^#	16.63±0.50
3^#	17.06±1.16
4^#	13.40±0.71
5^#	14.77±0.89
6^#	9.69±0.54

序号	模型	R²	调整后R²	F	估计值的标准误差	显著性p	拟合方程
1^*	线性	0.769	0.712	13.338	1.861	0.022	B=-0.005E+17.876
2^*	对数曲线	0.906	0.882	38.441	1.190	0.003	B=-3.455lnE+35.644
3^*	逆函数	0.772	0.715	13.524	1.851	0.021	B=1 034.639/E+11.376
4^*	复合曲线	0.850	0.813	22.675	0.107	0.009	ln B=ln(1.000)E+ln 18.138
5^*	幂函数	0.913	0.891	41.947	0.082	0.003	lnB=-0.248lnE+ln64.289
6^*	S曲线	0.697	0.621	9.207	0.152	0.039	lnB=70.250/E+2.438
7^*	增长曲线	0.850	0.813	22.675	0.107	0.009	lnB=0.000E+2.898
8^*	指数曲线	0.850	0.813	22.675	0.107	0.009	lnB=0.000E+ln18.138