纺织学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (06): 1-9.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230200602

• 纺织科技新见解学术沙龙专栏: 高品质芳纶生产关键技术及其产品应用 •    下一篇

高性能纤维及其制品颜色构建的研究进展

夏良君, 曹根阳, 刘欣, 徐卫林()   

  1. 武汉纺织大学 省部共建纺织新材料与先进加工技术国家重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430200
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-06 修回日期:2023-03-21 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 徐卫林
  • 作者简介:夏良君(1989—),男,特聘教授,博士。主要研究方向为纺织纤维材料颜色及功能化构建。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U21A2095);湖北省教育厅科研计划中青年人才项目(Q20221711)

Research progress in color construction of high-performance fibers and its products

XIA Liangjun, CAO Genyang, LIU Xin, XU Weilin()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
  • Received:2023-02-06 Revised:2023-03-21 Published:2023-06-15 Online:2023-07-20
  • Contact: XU Weilin

摘要:

高性能纤维及其制品是我国纺织行业重点发展的关键材料,其关系到国民经济发展和国家战略安全。为促进高性能纤维及其制品的发展,掌握其染色方法前沿和发展趋势,突破行业技术瓶颈,综述了国内外高性能纤维及其制品颜色构建的研究进展。重点概述了以芳纶、碳纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为代表的高性能纤维在颜色构建方面的技术创新,从载体染色、非水介质溶剂染色和原液着色等化学染色法以及物理结构生色法等方面总结了4种高性能纤维颜色构建的基本原理和发展趋势,讨论了高性能纤维色彩构建中遇到的主要挑战,并对该领域的未来研究方向进行了展望。指出,高性能纤维及其制品的颜色构建仍需进一步完善理论研究,以期为推动其高质量发展提供理论和应用参考。

关键词: 高性能纤维, 颜色构建, 芳纶, 碳纤维, 聚酰亚胺纤维, 超高分子量聚乙烯纤维

Abstract:

Significance High-performance fibers are key materials for the development of national textile industry, which is related to the development of national economic and strategic security. For the purposes of aesthetic enhancement, functional flexibility, and feature identification, demands on color construction of high-performance fiber have become an important driving force for the development of the colorful society. The development of color construction technique ranges from the chemical coloration to structural coloration technology. Additionally, future high-performance fiber will be permeable for long-term multi-field development in the applications of advanced and sophisticated areas, which is indispensable part of social progress, and integrating color construction of high-performance fiber is an ideal way to realize highly flexible and adaptive. To clearly understand the development and applications of high-performance fibers, master the frontiers and development trends of dyeing methods, and break through the technical bottlenecks of the industry, this paper comprehensively reviewed the research progress in color construction of high-performance fibers and its products.
Progress The technical innovation and research status in color construction of the representative aramid fiber, carbon fiber, polyimide fiber, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene was focused. According to the structural characteristics, physical, and chemical properties of high-performance fibers, the aspects of fiber raw materials, molding processing, surface modification, and dyeing process are innovated, from which to implement color construction. Based on the development of chemical coloration methods including carrier dyeing, non-aqueous media solvents dyeing, dope dyeing, and structural coloration technology, maintaining the inherent high-performance characteristics is the building blocks of color construction process. The design of coloring method matching to the materials and structure effectively improves the dyeing property and dyeing fastness of high-performance fiber. However, significant limitation of promising coloring methods, which meets the social development concept, was demonstrated in industrial application.
For the aramid fiber, based on the pre-regulation of the molecular structure, the low temperature carrier dyeing has been carried out for bright color and high color fastness. However, the removal of residual carrier, the safe reuse, and reduction of the influence on the mechanical properties should be further investigated. Due to the high crystallinity, high chemical inertness, and strong light absorption characteristics of carbon fiber, the structural color methods have been extensively used to construct colored carbon fibers, while the influence of interface properties to color fastness is an urgent problem to be solved. The golden color of the polyimide fiber will also affect the further color construction. Presently, the color construction methods of polyimide fiber mainly include carrier dyeing and surface modification dyeing. Carrier dyeing of ketone carriers is effective to the color construction, which can significantly improve the color fastness of polyimide fibers. According to the physical and chemical structural properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, the modification of dyes is a preponderant method for achieving color diversity.
Conclusion and Prospect High performance fiber refers to the chemical fiber with special physical and chemical structure, performance, and special function. As typical representative of high-performance fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, polyimide fiber and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber are the four most widely used in aerospace, national defense science and technology, military engineering, construction industry, transportation, medical protection, civil industry, and electronic communications. However, the unicity of color limits its application to further expansion. Aiming at the problem of color construction, the methods including carrier dyeing, non-aqueous solvent dyeing, fiber surface modification dyeing, stock solution coloring, as well as physical structure color construction have been improved.
Based on the current color construction technology, the attention of development tendency in the future will be attracted on promoting energy-saving, low-carbon, green and environmental protection dyeing, strengthening clean, and safe production. Meanwhile, theoretical fundamental research on the color construction of high-performance fibers is necessary to further investigate. Combining the macromolecular chain, chemical structure, molding process, surface physical, and chemical properties to achieve theoretical breakthrough in the color construction, theoretical innovation, and theoretical guidance for the preparation of colored high-performance fibers will be promoted.
Additionally, to improve the dyeing depth and color fastness of fibers and reduce the structural damage in the color construction process of high-performance fibers, further attention should be paid to maintain the excellent structural stability. Therefore, in the development of color construction, balance the relationship between the color construction technology and high-performance fiber properties will promote the high-quality development and application expansion of high-performance fiber and its products. This paper summarized in the main the basic principles and research progress of the above-mentioned high-performance fibers, and also pointed out the main challenge and research direction of this research direction.

Key words: high-performance fiber, color construction, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, polyimide fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber

中图分类号: 

  • TS193.8

图1

高性能纤维的应用领域"

表1

高性能纤维颜色构建的主要方法"

颜色构建方法 优点 适用纤维
载体染色 节能降耗 芳纶、聚酰亚胺纤维
非水介质溶剂染色 节水环保 芳纶、聚酰亚胺纤维、
超高分子量聚乙烯纤维
原液着色 无需后续染色 超高分子量聚乙烯纤维
结构生色 环保 芳纶、碳纤维

表2

碳纤维的物理结构色构建方法"

原料 处理方法 结构生色方法 反应步骤数量 结构 控制条件 颜色种类 参考文献
Al2O3/TiO2 磁控溅射 3 薄膜结构 周期性厚度 4 [25]
TiO2 原子层沉积 2 薄膜结构 薄膜厚度 4 [23]
Poly(St-MMA-AA) 乳液聚合 自组装沉降 3 光子晶体 粒子粒径 5 [28]
Al(CH3)3/Zn(CH2CH3)2 水解反应 原子层沉积 3 薄膜结构 薄膜厚度 5 [29]
PS 电泳沉积 2 光子晶体 粒子粒径 3 [30]
PAAc 电致乳液聚合 原位聚合接枝改性 3 薄膜结构 结构变化 4 [26]
FeCl3 氟化铵/水 水热反应 1 均匀纳米粒子 粒子粒径 3 [27]
PMMA 自由基聚合 电泳沉积 2 光子晶体 微球粒径 3 [24]
PNIPAM-co-AAc 乳液聚合 电泳沉积 3 光子晶体 水凝胶微球粒径 3 [31]

表3

聚酰亚胺纤维的载体染色方法"

载体种类 染料种类 染料用量/
%(o.w.f)
pH值 温度/℃ 时间/min K/S 参考文献
芳基酮类 阳离子黑FDL 6 3~4 130 60 32.0 [34]
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/甲基异丁基甲醇 分散红AO-E 4 5~7 130 60 6.5 [32]
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/甲基异丁基甲醇 分散黄EGL 10 17.7 [32]
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/甲基异丁基甲醇 分散蓝2BLN 6 7.5 [32]
苯乙酮 分散红153 5 130 60 25.0 [35]
苯乙酮 分散蓝60 25.0 [35]
苯乙酮 碱性红46 17.5 [35]
苯乙酮 碱性蓝41 23.0 [35]
N-甲基甲酰苯胺 分散红167:1 5 130 60 20.0 [36]
N-甲基甲酰苯胺 阳离子蓝SD-GSL 5 5 130 60 24.0 [33]

表4

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的染色方法"

方法 染料(颜料)种类 染料用量/
%(o.w.f)
pH值 温度/
时间/
min
K/S
参考
文献
改性疏水染料 1-对甲苯氨基-4-蒽醌己基醚 5 5 130 60 1.46 [40]
改性疏水染料 1-对甲苯氨基-4-蒽醌癸基醚 1.79 [40]
改性疏水染料 1-对甲苯氨基-4-蒽醌十四烷基醚 2.10 [40]
常规疏水染料 乙基黄 5 125 60 11.6 [39]
常规疏水染料 油红O 13.7 [39]
多巴胺改性 活性红2 1 35 65 6.144 [41]
改性偶氮染料 丁基取代单偶氮黄 5 130 60 17.6 [42]
原液着色 改性Fe2O3 5 230~290 15.5 [43]
超临界二氧化碳 N-(2-Cl-4-甲基苯基)-2-氧亚基-2-
(对甲苯基)乙酰肼基氰化物
6 120 3 3.5 [44]
辐射诱导接枝 碱性红46 0.02 4 90 40 16.5 [45]
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