废弃羊毛角蛋白再生工艺及其高值化应用的研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20230203702

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

废弃羊毛纺织品的低值化处理方式造成严重的资源浪费和二次环境污染,其主体成分角蛋白的提取与高值化应用是实现废弃羊毛变废为宝的方案。首先基于羊毛、角蛋白的层级结构展开介绍,重点描述羊毛角蛋白的力学性能、多重响应形状记忆性能、压电性能和生物学性能4个方面的特性。其次对角蛋白的提取进行系统性概述,分别讨论了物理、化学、生物法3种提取工艺的优势和缺陷,并介绍其在纤维、凝胶、膜和支架4种应用形式中的制备工艺。总结角蛋白因其优异的生物相容性、生物降解性、压电性能、力学稳定性、形状记忆等特性,在柔性电子器件、生物医用、吸附材料高值化领域中的应用。最后针对目前角蛋白回收工艺的最新研究进展进行总结,并对其进一步产业化应用做出展望。

关键词: 羊毛, 角蛋白, 再生, 层级结构, 高值化应用

Abstract:

Significance Excesive consumption of petroleum-based synthetic fibers limits the sustainability of textile industry. It is urgent to find low-cost renewable biomass resources to replace convenitional petroleum resources. Due to the quick expansion of fast fashion, the amount of waste wool grows every year. In addition, waste wool is normally disposed through incineration or landfill, which is not conducive to economic development and causes severe secondary pollution to the environment. Keratin is the major component of wool, which has excellent mechanical stability, shape memory properties, piezoelectric properties, biological activity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and adsorption properties. Thus, keratinous material extracted from waste wool can be applied to produce high-value applications such as functional finishing agents, thermal and sound insulation materials, flexible electronic devices, biomedical applications, or adsorption materials. The regeneration technology of keratin effectively contributes to the sustainable development of wool resources, which triggered dramatically interest in recent years.

Progress This review mainly reports the regeneration techniques of keratin, which includes the methods of extraction and recent high-value applications in the form of fibers, membranes, gels, and scaffolds. The common methods of keratin extraction primarily include physical, chemical, and biological methods. Owing to precisely destroying disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds, chemical methods, such as reduction, oxidation, ionic liquid, and deep eutectic solvent methods, are widely applied. The reduction methods effectively preserve the secondary structure of keratin, and the free sulfhydryl groups generated after extraction can be reconstructed in the subsequent process to cross-link keratin chains, thus perfectly restoring the hierarchical structure in fibers. However, keratinous materials are normally brittle due to poor mechanical properties. In previous work, researchers had demonstrated that 1,4-dithiothreitol can effectively modulate the viscoelastic spinning dope and act as a bridge in the keratin chains. After the drafting in wet spinning, fibers were induced to rearrange to the secondary structure. The regenerated keratin materials with excellent mechanical properties have extensive application prospects, which mainly include flexible electronic devices (such as humidity sensors, conductive composites, gel electrolytes, and so on), biomedical productions (such as wound healing, hemostasis, drug release carriers, tissue engineering, and so on) as well as adsorption applications.

Conclusion and Prospect The regenerated techniques of waste wool keratin and its high-value applications receive a lot of attention, promoting the transformation of biomass resources into the valuable materials. However, there are still some challenges that prevent its further practical and commercial production, such as poor mechanical properties, toxicity of chemical reagents, higher cost, and non-environmentally friendly disposal techniques. In-depth investigations on keratin extraction techniques not only can ensure high extraction rate, but also guarantee integral secondary structure of keratin chains. For the extraction techniques, ionic liquids, and green reducing agents such as cysteine, glutathione, and lower toxic 1,4-dithiothreitol gain widespread attention. In addition, chemical methods to enhance the extraction rate of keratin can be assisted by ultrasonic or microwave treatment. A dearth of information regarding the improvement of mechanical property has far limited the process of industrialization. It is also suggested that further investigations are required to gain high molecular weight keratin, find eco-friendly cross-linking agents, increase the orientation and crystallinity of the prepared fibers. In order to reduce purification cost in the biomedical applications, researches should use green and environmentally friendly reagents in the extraction process. The rapid development of keratin regeneration techniques can greatly promote the recycling of biomass resources, and sustainable economic development.

Key words: wool, keratin, regeneration, hierarchical structure, high-value application

中图分类号:

TS102.6

董亚琳, 王黎明, 覃小红. 废弃羊毛角蛋白再生工艺及其高值化应用的研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2024, 45(07): 213-222.

DONG Yalin, WANG Liming, QIN Xiaohong. Research progress in regeneration process and high-value applications of waste wool keratin[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(07): 213-222.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20230203702

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V45/I07/213

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样品	制备工艺	断裂强度/ MPa	断裂伸长率/%	文献
天然羊毛	—	173±23	36±5	[45]
再生角蛋白纤维	添加表面活性剂提高纺丝性能	101±15	10.9±2.9	[46]
再生角蛋白纤维	氧化重建交联	137	100	[7]
再生角蛋白纤维	引入DTT扩链剂	186.1	8	[47]
角蛋白/ PEG-g-GO 复合纤维	聚乙二醇功能化的氧化石墨(PEG-g-GO) 重建角蛋白	157±40	3.9	[48]