纺织学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (07): 230-239.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230203802

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    下一篇

静电溶吹微纳无机纤维制备技术及其应用进展

于雯1,2, 邓南平1,2, 唐湘泉1, 康卫民1,2(), 程博闻3   

  1. 1.天津工业大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
    2.天津工业大学 分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室, 天津 300387
    3.天津科技大学, 天津 300457
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-06 修回日期:2024-01-31 出版日期:2024-07-15 发布日期:2024-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 康卫民(1979—),男,教授,博士。主要研究方向为规模化静电纺纳米纤维制备技术,微纳纤维材料设计、成形理论与应用。E-mail:kweimin@126.com。
  • 作者简介:于雯(1996—),女,博士。主要研究方向为无机微纳纤维结构设计与应用。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51973157);天津市科技计划项目(19PTSYJC00010)

Review on preparation and applications of electro-blown spun micro-nano inorganic fibers

YU Wen1,2, DENG Nanping1,2, TANG Xiangquan1, KANG Weimin1,2(), CHENG Bowen3   

  1. 1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    3. Tinjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
  • Received:2023-02-06 Revised:2024-01-31 Published:2024-07-15 Online:2024-07-15

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摘要：

静电纺丝技术存在生产效率低和对高黏纺丝溶液限制大等问题,阻碍了高性能无机纤维的大规模产业化进程,而静电溶吹技术基于静电力与气流力的耦合作用,可助力微纳纤维的高产高质。为推广静电溶吹纺丝技术并为微纳无机纤维生产提供理论和实践依据,综述了该技术的基础研究,包括原理和先进设备;具体分析了该技术生产无机纤维的影响因素,尤其明晰了产业化的可控工艺;总结了目前国内外静电溶吹技术制备无机纤维的应用进展,通过与其它纺丝技术的对比阐明了静电溶吹技术目前存在的优势和挑战,并指出协同提升纤维质量和产量、赋予纤维结构/功能多样化以及研发多孔轻质无机纤维和超细无机纱线是该技术未来的重要发展方向。

关键词: 静电溶吹纺丝, 气电纺, 无机微纳纤维, 静电纺丝, 无机纤维

Abstract:

Significance With the development of sophisticated technologies, novel materials are required for compatibility, lightweight, high strength and temperature resistance. Combined with the large length-to-diameter ratio and high specific surface area of one-dimensional materials, micro-nano inorganic fibers with size effect show great potential for many applications. However, there are some problems including insufficient fineness, poor controllability and continuity in the current methods of preparing micro-nano fibers, such as stretching method, chemical vapor deposition and phase separation. Moreover, the most mature and widely used electrospinning technology has some problems, such as low production efficiency and strict restrictions on spinning solution with high viscosity, which hinder the large-scale industrialization of high-performance inorganic fibers. Recently, electro-blown spinning, based on the coupling effect between electric field force and ejection force of the air stream, has demionstrated capability of contributing to the high yield and high quality of micro-nano fibers. Meanwhile, the airflow can assist in starting, stabilizing, and completing the rotation process of jet. Compared with traditional electrospinning and solution blow spinning technologies, inorganic fibers prepared by electro-blown spinning are characterized by higher yield (dozens to hundreds of times more than electrospinning), small diameter (nanometer and submicron scale) and uniformity.

Progress In order to promote the electro-blown spinning technology and provide theoretical and practical basis for preparing inorganic fiber, this paper reviews the basic researches, including the principle and advanced equipment. The core components are composed of feeding device, spinning die, high-voltage power supply, gas control system and receiving device. For large-scale production, there are many novel designs for spinning die, such as disc multi-nozzle, multi-branch/tip equipment, solution channel surrounded by internal/external double-layer air flow. The influencing factors of fabricating inorganic fibers by this technology are analyzed in detail in terms of the properties of spinning solution, the geometric characteristics of spinneret, the properties of air flow, the spinning voltage and the tip-collector distance, especially the controllable process of industrialization. Moreover, taking Al2O3 fiber as an example, the electro-blown spinning technology is compared with solution-blown spinning and conventional electrospinning technology from fiber morphology, pore size of membrane and production efficiency. The advantages and drawbacks of electro-blown spinning technology are discussed and clarified. In addition, the applications of electro-blown spinning inorganic fibers are presented, which concentrates on the fields of dye adsorption and degradation, biomedicine, energy, catalysis and industrial manufacturing.

Conclusion and Prospect It has been demonstrated that the superimposed airflow and electrostatic effect, with a double drafting force makes the electro-blown spinning technology achieve certain breakthroughs in the pursuit of both high yield and high quality of micro-nano inorganic fibers. The technology is suitable for preparing a wide range of ceramic materials and carbon fibers, especially for high-concentration solutions or gels. However, there are still some problems such as insufficient understanding of the jet motion under the dual control of airflow and voltage, poor toughness of produced inorganic fibers and mostly short fibers, and the lack of large-scale electro-blown spinning equipment. Therefore, efforts need to be made in the following aspects in the future. 1) It is crucial to improve the quality of inorganic fiber while ensuring the yield. The laws of jet motion and synergistic control methods under the dual control of airflow/voltage need to be clarified through the establishment of mathematical models and simulation. 2) It is necessary to diversify the structure/function of inorganic fibers. The first is to develop macro/micro special structure inorganic fibers, while the second is to play the advantages of electro-blown spinning technology easily combined with functional materials. 3) It is also necessary to strengthen the development and application of the porous and lightweight inorganic fibers and the ultrafine inorganic yarn.

Key words: electro-blown spinning, air/jet-electrospinning, inorganic micro-nano fiber, electrospinning, inorganic fiber

中图分类号: 

  • TS174

图1

静电溶吹装置及工艺参数示意图"

图2

不同技术的纺丝射流和制备的Al2O3纤维对比 注:B1为溶液喷射;B2为静电溶吹。"

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