植酸/壳聚糖对涤纶/棉混纺织物的协同阻燃整理

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20230403301

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对涤纶/棉混纺织物的易燃问题,采用植酸(PA)和壳聚糖(CS)构成膨胀阻燃体系,通过浸渍烘焙法对涤纶/棉混纺织物进行阻燃整理,并对整理前后织物的化学结构、表面形貌、热稳定性、燃烧行为、力学性能及耐水洗性等进行探究。通过工艺调控与优化,获得最佳阻燃整理工艺:烘焙温度160 ℃,烘焙时间120 s,CS质量浓度30 g/L, PA质量浓度400 g/L。经过阻燃整理后,所得涤纶/棉混纺织物的极限氧指数值由17.8%上升到28.7%,达到难燃级别;热重结果表明,相较于原涤纶/棉混纺织物,阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物的分解速率下降,高温热稳定性显著提高,在氮气气氛下,800 ℃时残炭率提高到25%以上;阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物的最大热释放速率由原涤纶/棉混纺织物的145.86 kW/m²下降到96.96 kW/m²,总热释放量由原涤纶/棉混纺织物的2.75 MJ/m²下降到2.06 MJ/m²; PA和CS在织物表面构成膨胀阻燃涂层,显著提高了织物的阻燃性能。

关键词: 涤纶/棉混纺织物, 壳聚糖, 植酸, 阻燃整理, 生物质膨胀阻燃体系, 功能性纺织品

Abstract:

Objective Polyester/cotton fabric (PC) combines the comfort, air permeability of cotton and stability, high mechanical of polyester, and it is widely used in aerospace, home decoration and other fields. However, the PC produces heat and smoke when burning, accompanied by a serious melting phenomenon, which seriously endangers people's life and health and property safety. The combustion will produce a "wick effect", making the combustion process more intense. Therefore, it is essential to improve the flame retardant performance of PC.

Method To improve the flame retardant property of PC, by using phytic acid (PA) from biology to provide a phosphorus source and chitosan (CS) to provide nitrogen source and carbon source, the expansion flame retardant system was constructed on the surface of PC by the impregnation-baking process to prepare flame retardant polyester/cotton fabric (PC-PA/CS) which improved the flame retardant property of PC.

Results The optimal preparation process of PC-PA/CS was determined by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value: baking temperature was 160 ℃, baking time was 120 s, CS concentration was 30 g/L, and PA concentration was 400 g/L. The LOI value of flame retardant polyester cotton fabric reached to 28.7%. Infrared spectrum analysis showed that the flame retardant finishing liquid composed of PA and CS was successfully deposited on the surface of polyester/cotton fabric. From the scanning electron microscopy images, the fibers in PC showed obvious dents after pretreatment. After flame retardant treatment, the dents on the fiber of PC-PA/CS surface disappeared and the surface became smooth, with a uniform coating on the surface. Compared with PC, after flame-retardant finishing, the decomposition temperature of cotton with PC-PA/CS was advanced from 377 ℃ to 256 ℃, the maximum decomposition rate of fabric was reduced, and stable char layer can be formed. And the char residual rate is increased to more than 25% at 800 ℃ in N₂. Flame retardant finishing has succeeded in improving the thermal stability of polyester and cotton fabric. The results of cone calorimetry test showed that the maximum heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of PC were 145.86 kW/m² and 2.75 MJ/m², respectively. The PHRR and THR of PC-PA/CS were 96.96 kW/m² and 2.06 MJ/m², respectively, which decreased by 33.53% and 25.10%, respectively, showing that the coating had good thermal inhibition ability. The combustion growth rate index (FGR) was decreased from 6.34 kW/(m²·s) to 3.88 kW/(m²·s), and the fire safety of the fabric was increased. The breaking strength of PC was 50.62 N, while that of PC-PA/CS decreased to 48.86 N which remained above 95% of original fabric. The introduction of CS reduced the influence of thermal and acidic environment on the mechanical properties of fabrics. The introduction of flame retardant coating formed a stable expanded carbon layer on the surface during the combustion process of the fabric, which improved the flame retardant performance of the fabric and has a condensed phase flame retardant mechanism.

Conclusion PC-PA/CS was successfully prepared by dipping-baking method, using PA and CS of biomass to form an expansion flame retardant system together with PC. The LOI value of PC-PA/CS increased significantly from 17.8% to 28.7%, and the droplet phenomenon disappeared, showing excellent flame retardant property. The introduction of flame retardant coating improved the thermal stability and char residual rate of the fabric. Flame retardant finishing effectively reduced the heat release and improved the fire safety of PC. When the fabric was burned, it can form a stable expanded char layer, increased the degree of graphitization of the char layer, and improved the flame retardant performance of PC, which had the flame retardant mechanism of condensed phase.

Key words: polyester/cotton blended fabric, chitosan, phytic acid, flame retardant finishing, biomass expansion flame retardant system, functional textile

中图分类号:

TS195.2

胡自强, 骆晓蕾, 魏璐琳, 刘琳. 植酸/壳聚糖对涤纶/棉混纺织物的协同阻燃整理[J]. 纺织学报, 2024, 45(04): 126-135.

HU Ziqiang, LUO Xiaolei, WEI Lulin, LIU Lin. Synergistic flame retardant finishing of polyester/cotton blended fabric with phytic acid/chitosan[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(04): 126-135.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20230403301

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V45/I04/126

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