基于家蚕平板丝结构的柔性压力传感器制备及其传感性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20230602601

纺织学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (09): 10-17.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230602601

基于家蚕平板丝结构的柔性压力传感器制备及其传感性能

汪宇佳¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 王怡²^,³^,⁴, 王雅思²^,³, 代方银¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 李智²^,³^,⁴()

1.西南大学资源昆虫高效养殖与利用全国重点实验室, 重庆 400715
2.西南大学蚕桑纺织与生物质科学学院, 重庆 400715
3.西南大学重庆市生物质纤维材料与现代纺织工程技术研究中心, 重庆 400715
4.西南大学农业部蚕桑生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 重庆 400715

收稿日期:2023-06-13 修回日期:2023-10-25 出版日期:2024-09-15 发布日期:2024-09-15
通讯作者: 李智(1984—),男,副教授,博士。研究方向为智能纺织品、生物医用材料的开发。E-mail: tclizhi@swu.edu.cn。
作者简介:汪宇佳(1998—),女,硕士。主要研究方向为智能可穿戴传感器的开发。
基金资助:
重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202100203);家蚕基因组生物学国家重点实验室开放课题资助项目(sklsgb-2019KF13);重庆市留创计划创新类资助项目(cx2019090)

Preparation and sensing performance of flexible pressure sensor based on natural flat silk cocoon structure

WANG Yujia¹^,²^,³^,⁴, WANG Yi²^,³^,⁴, WANG Yasi²^,³, DAI Fangyin¹^,²^,³^,⁴, LI Zhi²^,³^,⁴()

1. State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
2. College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
3. Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
4. Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

Received:2023-06-13 Revised:2023-10-25 Published:2024-09-15 Online:2024-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为获得基于天然平板丝结构的柔性压力传感器,以家蚕平板丝为柔性基底,在家蚕吐丝过程中循环喷洒过渡金属碳化物/氮化物和银纳米线作为导电材料,制备出具有天然多层结构的导电传感层复合材料。借助扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱仪对制备的平板丝传感层进行形貌观察和结构分析,并通过优化传感层的层数开发出性能更优异的传感器。结果表明:具有2层传感层的传感器的灵敏度最高,在42.03~60.00 kPa的高压范围内灵敏度可达0.20 kPa^-1,比仅有1层传感层的传感器灵敏度提高了20倍;该传感器响应/恢复时间均在1 s以内,且在施加不同压缩速率时仍能保持电流值稳定,可准确响应动态变化的压力,在超过1 500次压力加载/卸载循环后传感性能依旧保持稳定;该传感器可很好地贴附到人体关节表面用于监测人体运动状态,通过按压时间长短来模拟摩斯密码,可用于信息加密传输和困境救援;将传感器制成传感阵列,可应用于压力位置轨迹追踪。

关键词: 家蚕, 平板丝, 压力传感器, 智能可穿戴, 过渡金属碳化物/氮化物, 银纳米线

Abstract:

Objective Silk fabric is an ideal substrate for fabricating flexible and wearable pressure sensors because of its excellent comfort and skin-friendly properties. However, it requires complex and time-consuming process to prepare the silk fabrics from the silkworm cocoon. Flat silk cocoon (FSC) formed by the free movement of silkworm is a natural non-woven structure with high porosity and favorable flexibility. In this paper, FSC without post-treatment was used as a flexible substrate to develop flexible pressure sensor together with conductive materials MXene and AgNWs.

Method During silkworm spinning, MXene and AgNWs dispersions were repeatedly sprayed on the surface of silk fibers at a fixed time interval. MXene and AgNWs were coated on the surface of silk fibers by natural adhesion of sericin during this biospinning process, and then MA-FSC with multil-layered structure were prepared. The MA-FSC pressure sensor was assembled face-to-face with the interdigitated electrode, and its sensing performance and real-time monitoring application were studied.

Results The sprayed MXene and AgNWs alternatively distributed on the surface of flat silk cocoon, and the prepared MA-FSC exhibited a hierarchical structure with five layers. The optimizing experiment showed that the pressure detection range of the sensor gradually was increased with the increase in the number of sensing layers. However, too many or too few sensing layers led to the low sensitivity of sensor. When the number of sensing layers was too small (such as 1 layer), the conductive layer active material content inside the sensor was insufficient, resulting in a small number of conductive paths formed during the compression process, and the sensor showed low sensitivity. When too many sensing layers (such as 3 layers) was fabricated, more conductive paths existed inside the sensor even when no pressure, and the signal change of the sensor was not obvious when pressure was applied. Therefore, the 3-layer MA-FSC pressure sensor demonstrated little difference between the no-pressure state and the saturated pressure state. The 2-layer MA-FSC pressure sensor was proved to have the best sensitivity (0.20 kPa^-1). The response/recovery time was shorter than 1 s, and it could react quickly to changes in external pressure. In addition, the 2-layer MA-FSC pressure sensor maintained a stable signal output under the gradient increasing compression rate and gradient increasing pressure, with the cycle durability over 1 500 times. Owing to the excellent sensing performance, MA-FSC pressure sensor would be expected to to monitor human body movement status (such as finger pressing, finger bending, elbow bending and knee bending). The 2-layer MA-FSC pressure sensor could also be combined with Morse code to output some signals similar to ″SOS″, ″SWU″ and ″WYJ″, which were used in the field of encrypted transmission of information. 16 pressure sensor units were fitted into a 4×4 sensing array for pressure distribution visualization.

Conclusion Using natural flat silk cocoon as a flexible substrate, the MA-FSC pressure sensor was prepared. The optimization indicates that the prepared sensor with two sensing layers has the best sensing performance, which can be applied in the fields of human body movement status monitoring, information encrypted transmission, and real-time pressure trajectory tracking. This research broadens the application field of silk and provides new ideas and inspiration for the development of sensors based on natural material substrates.

Key words: silkworm, flat silk cocoon, pressure sensor, smart wearable, transition metal carbide/nitride, silver nanowires

中图分类号:

TS141.8

汪宇佳, 王怡, 王雅思, 代方银, 李智. 基于家蚕平板丝结构的柔性压力传感器制备及其传感性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2024, 45(09): 10-17.

WANG Yujia, WANG Yi, WANG Yasi, DAI Fangyin, LI Zhi. Preparation and sensing performance of flexible pressure sensor based on natural flat silk cocoon structure[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(09): 10-17.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20230602601

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V45/I09/10

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基于家蚕平板丝结构的柔性压力传感器制备及其传感性能

Preparation and sensing performance of flexible pressure sensor based on natural flat silk cocoon structure

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