聚环氧乙烷/Al2O3被动辐射降温膜的制备及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20230605701

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对传统制冷技术存在能耗大、额外产生热量、排放温室气体等弊端,以聚环氧乙烷(PEO)为原料,基于静电纺丝技术制备PEO微纳米纤维膜,并采用共混法将纳米氧化铝(Al₂O₃)颗粒添加到PEO纺丝溶液中,通过静电纺丝制备出PEO/Al₂O₃微纳米纤维膜,用于日间被动辐射降温。分析了纤维膜的形貌、太阳光反射率、大气窗口波段红外光透过率、发射率以及日间辐射降温性能。结果表明:由于微纳米纤维结构和纳米Al₂O₃颗粒的有效散射,使纤维膜的平均太阳光反射率达到90.2%;PEO作为选择性辐射降温材料,结合Al₂O₃纳米颗粒的声子极化共振,使得PEO/Al₂O₃纤维膜在大气窗口波段的发射率为90.0%,当Al₂O₃的质量分数为4%时,在平均太阳光强度为712.3 W/m²、环境湿度为14.2%的条件下,相对于环境温度日间降温达6.1 ℃。

关键词: 被动辐射降温, 静电纺丝, 聚环氧乙烷, 纳米氧化铝, 微纳米纤维

Abstract:

Objective Rapid population growth and industrialization cause global warming. Improving the cooling efficiency of materials and slowing down global warming become a top priority. With the development of micro/nano technology, through the design and preparation of new materials, high solar reflectivity and high infrared emissivity in the atmospheric window band infrared emissivity can be achieved to improve the daytime radiative cooling effect.

Method Using polyethylene oxide (PEO) as the raw material, PEO fibrous membranes were prepared through electrospinning technology. PEO/Al₂O₃ fibrous membranes were fabricated by combining different contents of nano-Al₂O₃ into PEO micro-nanofibers through a blending method. The morphology, reflectance of sunlight, mid-infrared transmittance and emissivity in the atmospheric window, and daytime radiative cooling performance of fibrous membranes were studied and analyzed.

Results Through SEM analysis, it was confirmed that the nano-Al₂O₃ particles were combined into the fibers, and the diameters of the fibers obtained by electrospinning were mainly distributed in the range of 0.2-1.6 μm, while the solar spectrum was in the range of 0.25-2.5 μm, demonstrating that the fibrous membrane has a strong scattering effect on sunlight. The increase in the content of nano-Al₂O₃ particles in fibrous membrane was confirmed by EDS analysis. The crystallization properties of the fibrous membranes were analyzed, and the results confirmed the existence of nano-Al₂O₃ particles in the FPRC-4 membrane. The chemical structure analysis suggested that the FPRC-4 membrane had no obvious characteristic peak in the mid-infrared band of 8-13 μm, and that it can achieve selective emission in the wavelength range of 8-13 μm. The effects of Al₂O₃ content and membrane thickness on solar light reflectance and mid-infrared transmittance were studied. The results indicated that owing to the effective scattering of micro-nanofiber structure and nano-Al₂O₃, the average solar light reflectance of the membrane was 90.2%, and the average transmittance in the atmospheric window was 93.5%. When the Al₂O₃ mass fraction was 4%, the PEO/Al₂O₃ fibrous membrane has the best optical properties. The solar light reflectance would increase with the increase of thickness, while the change in the mid-infrared transmittance with the increase of thickness was not obvious. The influence of added Al₂O₃ nanoparticles on the emissivity of the fibrous membrane was studied. The results showed that the introduction of nano-Al₂O₃ particles increased the overall infrared emissivity of FPRC-4 membrane to 80.3%, compared to the relatively low infrared emissivity of the pure PEO membrane (56.5%), and the average emissivity of FPRC-4 membrane in the atmospheric window was as high as 90.0%. Radiative cooling experiments were conducted using a self-designed testing setup to investigate the cooling performance of the samples. With an Al₂O₃ mass fraction of 4%, a temperature decrease of 6.1 ℃ was achieved during daytime under an average solar irradiance of 712.3 W/m² and an average ambient humidity of 14.2%. The actual cooling effectiveness of the membrane was tested. Infrared camera observed that the surface temperature of the FPRC-4 sample was significantly lower than that of the control sample, indicating good radiative cooling performance of the FPRC-4 sample.

Conclusion The radiative cooling performance is closely associated with multiple factors. The Al₂O₃ content and membrane thickness have an impact on the solar light reflectance, mid-infrared transmittance in the atmospheric window region, emissivity, and radiative cooling performance of the fibrous membrane. Analysis of solar light reflectance spectra and mid-infrared transmittance spectra demonstrated that with an Al₂O₃ mass fraction of 4% and a thickness of 0.2 mm, the fibrous membrane achieved a daytime temperature reduction of 6.1 ℃. Radiative cooling technology holds promise for assisting China in achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. The use of such fibrous membranes for energy-efficient radiative thermal regulation provides new avenues and approaches for mitigating global warming and advancing the development of renewable energy-saving refrigeration technologies.

Key words: passive radiative cooling, electrospinning, polyethylene oxide, nano alumina, micro-nano fiber

中图分类号:

TS102.6

王清鹏, 张海艳, 王雨婷, 张涛, 赵燕. 聚环氧乙烷/Al₂O₃被动辐射降温膜的制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2024, 45(09): 33-41.

WANG Qingpeng, ZHANG Haiyan, WANG Yuting, ZHANG Tao, ZHAO Yan. Preparation and properties of polyethylene oxide/Al₂O₃ passive radiative cooling membrane[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(09): 33-41.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20230605701

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V45/I09/33

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样品编号	C	O	Al
FPRC	62.2	37.8	0
FPRC-2	61.8	36.4	1.8
FPRC-4	61.6	35.3	3.1
FPRC-6	60.9	35.1	4.0
FPRC-8	60.7	34.4	4.9

材料	纤维直径/μm	微纳米颗粒直径/nm	反射率/%	发射率/%	辐射降温/℃	参考文献
聚偏氟乙烯/二氧化硅微米颗粒	—	2 000~42 000	97.0	96.0	6.0	[21]
聚偏氟乙烯/三氧化二铝纳米颗粒	0.5~2.5	260~470	97.0	95.0	4.0	[23]
聚偏氟乙烯/二氧化硅微米颗粒	0.3~2.4	1 000~20 000	92.3	86.0	5.8	[24]
聚环氧乙烷	0.5~1.2	—	96.3	78.0	5.0	[26]
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/二氧化锆纳米颗粒	—	80~240	97.7	86.7	3.5	[27]
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/二氧化硅纳米颗粒	0.8	480	96.5	90.3	4.0	[28]
聚环氧乙烷/三氧化二铝纳米颗粒	0.4~1.8	25~60	90.2	90.0	6.1	本文

聚环氧乙烷/Al₂O₃被动辐射降温膜的制备及其性能

Preparation and properties of polyethylene oxide/Al₂O₃ passive radiative cooling membrane

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