全龄人工饲料育与桑叶育蚕茧质量及生丝性能比较

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20230704901

纺织学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 16-22.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230704901

全龄人工饲料育与桑叶育蚕茧质量及生丝性能比较

姜可欣¹, 毛迎², 潘梦瑶¹, 吕汪洋¹^,², 江文斌¹^,²()

1.浙江理工大学纺织科学与工程学院(国际丝绸学院), 浙江杭州 310018
2.纺织纤维材料与加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室, 浙江杭州 310018

收稿日期:2023-08-17 修回日期:2024-02-29 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-10-22
通讯作者: 江文斌(1967—),男,教授级高级工程师。主要研究方向为丝纤维加工技术及设备研发。E-mail:hfjjwb@163.com。
作者简介:姜可欣(1999—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为蚕丝蛋白材料研究与开发。
基金资助:
国家蚕桑产业技术体系建设专项资助项目(CARS-18-ZJ0502)

Comparison of cocoon quality and raw silk performance between coccons produced from whole instar artificial diet and mulberry leave reared silkworm

JIANG Kexin¹, MAO Ying², PAN Mengyao¹, LÜ Wangyang¹^,², JIANG Wenbin¹^,²()

1. College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
2. National Engineering Laboratory for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China

Received:2023-08-17 Revised:2024-02-29 Published:2024-10-15 Online:2024-10-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同饲育方式对蚕茧质量、生丝品质及生丝结构与性能的影响,采用单因素方差分析,考察全龄人工饲料育蚕茧与桑叶育蚕茧各项性能指标的差异显著性,并进行对比分析。结果表明:在外观形态方面,全龄人工饲料育与桑叶育蚕茧的外观均为椭圆形,桑叶育蚕茧的茧幅较大;在蚕茧质量方面,全龄人工饲料育蚕茧全茧质量和茧层质量较低,但茧层率较高;生丝品质方面,全龄人工饲料育蚕茧的茧丝长和解舒率低于桑叶育蚕茧,万米吊糙次数高于桑叶育蚕茧,影响缫丝过程中生丝的产量和质量;另外,是否工厂化养蚕也会对全龄人工饲料育蚕茧的蚕茧质量、生丝品质产生影响,工厂化全龄人工饲料育蚕茧的综合性能优于非工厂化全龄人工饲料育蚕茧;在生丝结构与性能方面,全龄人工饲料育生丝含胶率较高,通过丝胶的黏附作用,全龄人工饲料育生丝表面的各根茧丝黏合更紧密,且生丝的二级结构没有明显不同。

关键词: 人工饲料, 工厂化养蚕, 蚕茧质量, 生丝性能

Abstract:

Objective In recent years, China has made substantial progress in the research and development in silkworms artificial diet and the innovation of breeding technology. Many researchers studied on using artificial diet in the young instars and applying mulberry leaves in the last larval instars, focusing on the growth and cocoon quality of silkwormsbut with little attention on the raw silk. Therefore, it is necessary to study the cocoon quality, silk quality and raw silk performance of silkworms reared with artificial diet in whole instar.

Method The study was carried out by using different origins of silkworm cocoons (silkworm cocoons reared with mulberry leaves of Chunan and Haian, non-factory silkworm cocoons reared with artificial diet in whole instar, and factory silkworm cocoons reared with artificial diet in whole instar) reared with artificial diet and mulberry leaves in whole instar. We tested cocoon width to observe the appearance and morphology. Through reeling, we calculated the number of rushing upon cocoons per myriameter, reelability percentage. Then, the degumming experiment of raw silk was carried out to calculate the gum content of raw silk as well as mechanical performance evaluation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were adopted to characterize the microscopic morphology of raw silk and analysis. In addition, the experimental results were compared by one-way analysis of variance.

Results In terms of appearance, the cocoons of silkworm reared with artificial diet and mulberry leaves in whole instar are oval, and the cocoons of silkworm reared with artificial diet in whole instar are smaller but more orderly. In terms of cocoon quality and silk quality, silkworm cocoons reared with artificial diet in whole instar have a slightly lower amount of total cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight, which is related to the fact that after the silkworms feed with artificial diet, their ingestion is not as good as that of mulberry leaves-breeding silkworms, but the rate of cocoon layer shows higher. In addition, whether or not the form of factory sericulture also has an impact on the cocoon and silk quality performance of silkworms reared with artificial diet in whole instar was also studied. The total cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight of silkworms reared with non-factory sericulture in whole instar are lower, and the length and the fineness of bave are not as good as those of the other three silkworm cocoons. The cocoons of silkworms reared with mulberry leaves in whole instar has less rushing upon cocoons during reeling, better reelability percentage, reelability silk length, and better reelability performance. For raw silk, the surface morphology of raw silk under different feeding methods is basically the same, raw silk gum content of silkworm reared with artificial diet in whole instar is higher, and raw silk gum content of silkworm reared with factory artificial diet of whole instar is the highest. The breaking strength and the elongation at break of raw silk is not significantly different from that of mulberry leave-reared. In addition, there is no significant difference in the secondary structure of raw silk between the whole instar artificial diet and the whole instar mulberry leaves, which all have β-sheet, random coil, α-helix and β-turn structure.

Conclusion There is no significant difference in the secondary structure and performance between the silkworm cocoons reared with artificial diet and mulberry leaves in whole instar, but there are differences in cocoon quality and silk quality, which can provide reference for the related research of artificial diet rearing silkworms. In addition, there is also a certain relationship between the quality of cocoon and silk of silkworms rearing with artificial diet in whole instar and whether it is factory sericulture. Factory sericulture can improve the production technology and growth environment, which will also have an impact on the growth and development of silkworms.

Key words: artificial diet, factory rearing of silkworm, cocoon quality, performance of raw silk

中图分类号:

TS102.3

姜可欣, 毛迎, 潘梦瑶, 吕汪洋, 江文斌. 全龄人工饲料育与桑叶育蚕茧质量及生丝性能比较[J]. 纺织学报, 2024, 45(10): 16-22.

JIANG Kexin, MAO Ying, PAN Mengyao, LÜ Wangyang, JIANG Wenbin. Comparison of cocoon quality and raw silk performance between coccons produced from whole instar artificial diet and mulberry leave reared silkworm[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(10): 16-22.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20230704901

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V45/I10/16

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组别	平均茧幅/mm	茧幅整齐率/%	茧幅最大开差/mm
A	19.9±1.27^*	71	7
B	20.4±1.70^*	71	10
C	17.8±1.10	80	5
D	18.0±1.42	72	8

组别	全茧质量/g	茧层质量/g	茧层率/%	蚕蛹质量/g
A	0.763±0.02^*	0.359±0.01	47.07±0.52^*	0.41±0.01
B	0.793±0.02^*	0.386±0.01^*	48.37±0.78	0.40±0.01
C	0.509±0.00^*	0.251±0.00^*	49.66±0.44	0.25±0.00^*
D	0.714±0.71^*	0.358±0.01	50.92±0.44^*	0.34±0.01^*

组别	茧丝长/m	茧丝线密度/dtex	解舒率/%	解舒丝长/m	万米吊糙次数
A	1 163.9±59.31	3.033±0.30	71.76±0.24^*	803.2±48.21^*	3.6±0.16^*
B	1 132.4±11.85	3.184±0.40	62.61±0.46^*	709.0±10.90^*	4.6±0.19^*
C	934.3±4.55^*	2.572±0.39^*	42.89±0.22^*	400.7±3.97^*	8.6±0.21^*
D	1 117.3±21.01	2.978±0.33	59.81±0.19^*	668.0±13.39^*	7.9±0.21^*

组别	断裂强度/(cN·dtex^-1)	断裂伸长率/%
A	3.5±0.2	25.3±1.0
B	3.5±0.1	25.1±1.6
C	3.5±0.2	23.8±1.2
D	3.4±0.4	23.6±1.7

组别	β折叠	无规卷曲和α螺旋	β转角
A	40.39	37.99	21.61
B	37.20	37.02	25.78
C	36.68	38.97	24.35
D	37.56	36.85	25.58

全龄人工饲料育与桑叶育蚕茧质量及生丝性能比较

Comparison of cocoon quality and raw silk performance between coccons produced from whole instar artificial diet and mulberry leave reared silkworm

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