纺织学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 55-64.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230804401

• 纤维材料 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于光热改性的复合纤维毡及其在高黏度油吸附中的应用

刘延波1,2,3, 高鑫羽1,2, 郝铭1,2,3, 胡晓东1,2,3, 杨波1,2()   

  1. 1.武汉纺织大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 湖北 武汉 430200
    2.武汉纺织大学 省部共建纺织新材料与先进加工技术国家重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430200
    3.天津工业大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-19 修回日期:2024-08-24 出版日期:2024-11-15 发布日期:2024-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 杨波(1992—),男,讲师,博士。主要研究方向为基于光热转化的复合纤维毡。E-mail: yboawtu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘延波(1965—),女,教授,博士。主要研究方向为静电纺丝技术与原理。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51973168);“武汉英才”湖北省武汉市高层次人才项目(武财行[2022]734)

Composite fiber felts based on photothermal modification and their application in high viscosity oil adsorption

LIU Yanbo1,2,3, GAO Xinyu1,2, HAO Ming1,2,3, HU Xiaodong1,2,3, YANG Bo1,2()   

  1. 1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    3. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received:2023-08-19 Revised:2024-08-24 Published:2024-11-15 Online:2024-12-30

摘要: 为解决生产、生活中高黏度油泄露和海上溢油事故问题,首先采用聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)热黏合聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)构造三维纤维毡基材,再采用原位还原法制备还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)纤维毡即rGO-PET/PVDF纤维毡。采用共混热黏合法黏附炭黑(CB)制备CB-PET/PVDF纤维毡,并对其结构和油处理性能进行探究。结果表明:rGO-PET/PVDF和CB-PET/PVDF纤维毡均为三维多孔结构,具有较好的抗压缩疲劳性和优异的疏水亲油特性,水接触角分别为154.5°和125.9°,油接触角均为0°;此外,这2种纤维毡表现出较强的光热转化能力,室温下光照3 min后其温度分别从室温升高到107和122 ℃;加热高黏度油到对应温度后,2种纤维毡吸收1滴油的时间均在1 min以内,未加热则分别需要5 min和10 min;黏度、吸油倍率分别从常温下的3.79 g/g和13.48 g/g到现在的7.85 g/g和21.91 g/g,同时2种纤维毡在常温下对有机溶剂和油的吸附倍率分别为3.79~21.42 g/g和13.48~40.37 g/g。为高黏度油的快速处理提供了一种新的解决方法。

关键词: 光热转化, 高黏度油吸附, 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯, 聚偏氟乙烯, 纤维毡, 还原氧化石墨烯, 炭黑

Abstract:

Objective Due to the gradual depletion of petroleum energy and the increasingly serious oil pollution, efficient cleaning and recovery of crude oil become an important issue. However, due to the high viscosity and poor fluidity of crude oil, it is difficult for traditional oil-absorbing materials to deal with crude oil spills quickly and effectively. Therefore, it is necessary to develop fiber felts with the ability to absorb high-viscosity oil.

Method Three-dimensional porous fiber felt (PET/PVDF) was prepared from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), reduced graphene oxide fiber felt (rGO-PET/PVDF) was prepared by in-situ reduction method, and carbon black fiber felt (CB-PET/PVDF) was prepared by hot bonding. The morphology, mechanical properties, photo-assisted heating and oil absorption properties of the three fiber felts were systematically analyzed and compared to explore the feasibility of viscous oil treatment.

Results The experimental results showed that the rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF were three-dimensional porous structures, in which the holes and fiber surfaces of the rGO-PET/PVDF fiber felt were scattered with reduced graphene oxide particles, while the CB-PET/PVDF fiber felt was attached to the fiber surface under the action of PVDF hot melt adhesive. Due to the different preparation process and modified material characteristics, both the two fiber felts demionstrated thermal stability, favorable hydrophobicity and oleophilicity, mechanical properties, adsorption properties, but showed different photothermal properties. The porosities of the rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF fiber felts were 82.46% and 96.47%, respectively, and the thermal stability of the CB-PET/PVDF fiber felt was better. The water contact angles of the two were 154.5° and 125.9°, respectively, and the oil contact angle is 0°, showing strong hydrophobic and oleophilic properties. For the rGO-PET/PVDF filter, the maximum compressive stress corresponding to a single compression cycle was 119.20 kPa, while that for the CB-PET/PVDF fiter is 34.20 kPa, and the compressive stress of the rGO-PET/PVDF was higher. Moreover, the maximum compressive stress of the two did not decrease significantly after 100 compressions, and both showed good compression fatigue resistance. The adsorption rates of the rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF filters on organic solvents and oils (acetone, n-hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, toluene, petroleum ether, corn oil, crude oil, and silicone oil) were 3.79-21.42 g/g and 13.48-40.37 g/g, respectively, showing strong adsorption capacity. The rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF fiber felts demonstrated strong photothermal conversion ability, and the temperature was increased from room temperature to 107 ℃ and 122 ℃, respectively in three minutes. After heating silicone oil, the adsorption time of a drop of silicone oil with a room temperature viscosity of 9 000 mPa.s of the rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF filters decreased from 5 min and 10 min to less than 1min, and the adsorption rate of silicone oil was increased from 3.79 and 13.48 g/g to the presently 7.85 and 21.91 g/g at room temperature.

Conclusion Two photothermal modified fiber felts, rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF, were prepared by in-situ reduction method and hot melt adhesive method. The rGO-PET/PVDF has better water repellency and better pressure resistance than the CB-PET/PVDF, and the CB-PET/PVDF has better thermal stability, photothermal heating performance and adsorption performance than the rGO-PET/PVDF. The difference in the properties of the two fiber felts is mainly caused by the differences in the preparation process and in the modified material characteristics. The in-situ reduction method used in the preparation of the rGO-PET/PVDF makes part of the pores of fiber felt occupied by reduced graphene oxide, which is the main reason for its lower porosity and worse adsorption performance. The CB-PET/PVDF was prepared by thermal adhesion, and the hydrophilic carbon black was attached to the fiber felt, occupying the binder between the fibers, which caused the reduction in the compressive stress and water contact angle. The two photothermal modified fiber felts have their own advantages and disadvantages in performance, which provides two feasible methods for viscous oil adsorption and cleaning with different requirements in different scenarios.

Key words: photothermal conversion, viscous oil adsorption, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride, fiber felt, reduced graphene oxide, carbon black

中图分类号: 

  • TS104.76

图1

PET/PVDF和rGO-PET/PVDF复合纤维毡制备流程"

图2

CB-PET/PVDF复合纤维毡制备流程"

图3

复合纤维毡的SEM照片"

图4

复合纤维毡的直径分布图"

表1

复合纤维毡的平均直径与孔隙率"

样品名称 平均直径/nm 孔隙率/%
PET/PVDF 11.01±2.59 89.82±2.26
rGO-PET/PVDF 13.39±3.63 82.46±3.09
CB-PET/PVDF 13.82±3.89 94.47±0.86

图5

GO-PET/PVDF和rGO-PET/PVDF复合纤维毡的拉曼光谱图"

图6

复合纤维毡的红外光谱"

图7

复合纤维毡的热重曲线"

图8

复合纤维毡的接触角 注:θWCA为水接触角;θOCA为油接触角。"

图9

复合纤维毡的力学性能"

图10

复合纤维毡的光照升温测试"

表2

纤维毡的吸油倍率"

样品名称 丙酮 正己烷 三氯甲烷 二氯甲烷 甲苯 石油醚 玉米油 原油 硅油
PET/PVDF 15.44±0.66 11.58±1.86 39.78±5.39 36.12±2.88 17.47±3.54 12.80±1.74 20.11±1.52 27.73±6.87 13.28±0.91
rGO-PET/PVDF 10.30±0.98 7.94±1.18 21.42±4.31 17.54±4.94 14.15±2.25 9.45±1.83 15.58±2.99 16.46±3.01 3.79±0.90
CB-PET/PVDF 20.15±6.46 14.41±1.22 40.38±2.33 26.65±3.95 18.27±2.89 18.28±3.93 20.27±0.86 30.99±3.37 13.48±1.46

图11

硅油黏度随油温的变化曲线"

表3

复合纤维毡对不同温度硅油的吸附倍率"

样品名称 28.7 ℃ 40 ℃ 80 ℃ 120 ℃
PET/PVDF 13.28±0.91 14.61±3.19 21.27±3.06 21.45±2.78
rGO-PET/PVDF 3.79±0.90 5.46±1.60 7.86±0.93 7.85±1.65
CB-PET/PVDF 13.48±1.46 14.94±0.58 21.91±1.27 20.46±2.20

图12

常温与120 ℃下硅油滴在复合纤维毡表面渗透情况"

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