超细纤维合成革用阻燃水性聚氨酯的制备及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20231001501

纺织学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (09): 113-120.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20231001501

超细纤维合成革用阻燃水性聚氨酯的制备及其性能

肖宁宁¹^,², 陈智杰², 欧阳裕福³, 孟金贵³, 孙阳艺¹, 戚栋明¹^,²()

1.浙江理工大学绿色低碳染整技术浙江省工程研究中心, 浙江杭州 310018
2.浙江省现代纺织技术创新中心, 浙江绍兴 312030
3.浙江梅盛新材料有限公司, 浙江绍兴 312030

收稿日期:2023-10-08 修回日期:2024-05-23 出版日期:2024-09-15 发布日期:2024-09-15
通讯作者: 戚栋明(1978—),男,教授,博士。主要研究方向为功能性复合乳胶制备及成膜。E-mail: dongmingqi@zstu.edu.cn。
作者简介:肖宁宁(1998—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为功能高分子聚合物的合成及应用。
基金资助:
浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”攻关计划项目(2023C01200);浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”攻关计划项目(2024C01198)

Preparation and characterization of waterborne flame retardant polyurethane for microfiber synthetic leather

XIAO Ningning¹^,², CHEN Zhijie², OUYANG Yufu³, MENG Jingui³, SUN Yangyi¹, QI Dongming¹^,²()

1. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
2. Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, China
3. Zhejiang Meisheng New Material Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, China

Received:2023-10-08 Revised:2024-05-23 Published:2024-09-15 Online:2024-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对超细纤维合成革用聚氨酯涂层易燃、强度低、韧性不足等问题,自制了一种含磷双元醇反应型阻燃剂(DHIMP),并将其作为扩链剂与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、2,2-二羟甲基丁酸共聚得到分散性、稳定性良好的阻燃水性聚氨酯(P-WPU)。将P-WPU制成涂层浆料并通过双面刮涂—交换凝固—烘干等制备工艺,最终在超细纤维合成革表面构建柔软强韧的聚氨酯涂层。通过傅里叶红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱分析了DHIMP的分子结构,对比表征了DHIMP对P-WPU乳液的粒径、力学性能以及超细纤维合成革阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:DHIMP不仅提高了P-WPU涂层的阻燃性,同时也提高了其弹性模量、断裂强度、断裂伸长率;当DHIMP质量分数为11.7%时,超细纤维合成革的综合性能最佳,其断裂强度为29.04 MPa,断裂伸长率达795.40%;当DHIMP质量分数为16.1%时,阻燃超细纤维合成革的阻燃性能最佳,极限氧指数达28.6%,熔滴数量为0~1,具有良好的阻燃效果。

关键词: 超细纤维合成革, 反应型阻燃剂, 水性聚氨酯, 阻燃涂层, 涂层强化, 功能高分子

Abstract:

Objective In order to solve the problems of non-flame retardancy, low strength and lack of toughness of polyurethane coating on microfiber synthetic leather, type of phosphate-containing bialcohols as reactive flame retardants were prepared. It was copolymerized with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) and 2,2-dimethylol butyric acid (DMBA) to prepare water borne flame retardant polyurethane (WPU) with good dispersion, stability and performance, which is used for coating microfiber synthetic leather.

Method A reactive flame retardant containing phosphorus was synthesized. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR). Then, DHIMP was copolymerized with MDI, PTMEG and DMBA to obtain waterborne flame retardant polyurethane (P-WPU). P-WPU was prepared into coating slurry, and the soft and strong polyurethane coating was constructed on the surface of microfiber synthetic leather by double-side scraping, exchange curing and drying.

Results The water dispersion of P-WPU was good. The particle size of the dispersion increased with the increase of DHIMP mass fraction. With the introduction of DHIMP, the Young's modulus of P-WPU film was gradually increased. When the mass fraction of DHIMP was 13.9%, the mechanical properties of P-WPU reached the best. The LOI of microfiber leather was continuously increasing with the gradual increase of DHIMP mass fraction. The results of vertical combustion test illustrated that the microfiber leather coated by P-WPU with different DHIMP mass fractions had a certain degree of flame retardancy. When the mass fraction of DHIMP was 16.1%, the vertical damage length was 2.3 cm, the continuous burning time was 0.6 s, the smoldering time was 0.3 s, the number of droplets was reduced to 0-1, and the absorbent cotton was not ignited, demonstrating a good flame-retardant effect.

Conclusion 1) DHIMP was successfully prepared from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-amino-propanol and DOPO. 2) By introducing DHIMP as chain extender into waterborne polyurethane macromolecules, waterborne polyurethane with flame retardancy was successfully prepared. 3) The flexible and flame-retardant microfiber synthetic leather was prepared with P-WPU coating. The maximum limiting oxygen index was 28.6%, the vertical damage length was 2.3 cm, the follow-fire time was 0.6 s, and the smoldering time was 0.3 s.

Key words: microfiber synthetic leather, reactive flame retardant, waterborne polyurethane, flame retardant coating, coating strengthening, functional polymer

中图分类号:

TQ325

肖宁宁, 陈智杰, 欧阳裕福, 孟金贵, 孙阳艺, 戚栋明. 超细纤维合成革用阻燃水性聚氨酯的制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2024, 45(09): 113-120.

XIAO Ningning, CHEN Zhijie, OUYANG Yufu, MENG Jingui, SUN Yangyi, QI Dongming. Preparation and characterization of waterborne flame retardant polyurethane for microfiber synthetic leather[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(09): 113-120.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20231001501

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V45/I09/113

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DHIMP质量分数/%	断裂强度/MPa	断裂伸长率/%	弹性模量/ MPa
0	6.36	652.34	7.34
9.4	14.28	1 066.03	13.50
11.7	29.04	795.40	14.79
13.9	14.25	723.68	18.16
16.1	12.95	94.19	32.20

DHIMP质量分数/%	LOI 值/%	损毁长度/ cm	续燃时间/ s	阴燃时间/ s	熔滴数量/ 个	是否点燃脱脂棉
0	18.1	30(烧尽)	12.6	0	8~9	是
9.4	23.2	18.8	6.2	0	7~8	是
11.7	24.8	12.5	3.4	2.2	5~6	是
13.9	26.7	5.9	1.9	1.1	2~3	否
16.1	28.6	2.3	0.6	0.3	0~1	否

超细纤维合成革用阻燃水性聚氨酯的制备及其性能

Preparation and characterization of waterborne flame retardant polyurethane for microfiber synthetic leather

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