织物增强复合材料的电热驱动形状记忆回复行为

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doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240103001

摘要： 为研究不同结构参数织物增强形状记忆复合材料(SMPCs)的力学行为、热驱动和电驱动下形状回复行为及回复力大小,以连续碳纤维(CCF)、形状记忆聚氨酯(SMPU)为原料,利用双螺杆挤出机制备芯壳结构复合长丝,将其作为经纱和纬纱,织造单纬、双纬、三纬3种复合织物,利用平板硫化机热压成SMPCs,测试并分析3种SMPCs的动态热力学性能、热驱动和电驱动形状记忆行为及回复力大小。结果表明:3种SMPCs的储能模量分别是SMPU的2.20、3.27、4.53倍,三纬SMPCs的储能模量最大;3种SMPCs的形状回复率可达98%以上,热驱动下,温度越高,回复时间越短;电驱动下,驱动电压在3~6 V范围内时,电压越大,回复时间越短,可实现低压快速响应;回复力随纬纱根数的增加而增大,最高可达1.8 N,是试样重力的75.9倍。

关键词: 织物增强复合材料, 形状记忆聚氨酯, 热驱动, 电驱动, 回复力, 碳纤维

Abstract:

Objective Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) can recover shape through electrical drive, but the driving voltage may be too high. Increasing the CF content in SMPCs can reduce the driving voltage and improve the mechanical properties. Woven fabrics have a regular structure and strong designability. The driving voltage can be reduced by increasing the CF content in the warp or weft direction while improving the mechanical properties and shape recovery performance. The aim is to meet the needs in areas such as space unfolding structures and adjustable medical stents.

Method Composite filaments were prepared by melt co-extrusion of continuous carbon fiber (CCF) with shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) using a twin-screw extruder and woven into single-(sample-1), double-(sample-2) and triple-(sample-3) weft fabrics. SMPCs were prepared using a hot-pressing process. The thermomechanical properties of the SMPCs were evaluated to investigate the influence of structural parameters on the thermomechanical properties, and the shape recovery behavior was tested under a thermal and electrical drive to study the influence of structural parameters and different test conditions on the shape recovery behavior. The recovery force of SMPCs and their stability were investigated.

Results Compared with SMPU, the storage modulus of the three samples increased significantly. At 25 ℃, the storage modulus of sample-1, sample-2 and sample-3 were 4 244, 6 327 and 8 752 MPa, which were 2.20, 3.27 and 4.53 times higher than that of SMPU. The addition of CCF had no significant effect on the glass transition temperature of the composites. The recovery times of the three samples were 72, 58, and 52 s, respectively. The recovery ratios of the three samples were all above 98%. sample-3 had the fastest recovery speed because it has the most weft ends and the highest modulus of elasticity. In addition, the thermal conductivity of CCF was higher than that of the SMPU. Sample-3 has the highest CCF content, and it demonstrated the fastest internal warming rate, which accelerated the recovery speed. At 3 V, the recovery time of sample-1 was 88 s, and that of sample-2 and sample-3 was shortened by 12 s and 26 s, respectively. Among the three samples, sample-3 had the fastest recovery speed with the same loading time, and it showed the most rapid temperature increase during the recovery, reaching the final temperature of 65.4 ℃. Compared to sample-1, the fiber volume contents of sample-2 and sample-3 were increased by 1.42% and 2.92%, respectively, and the recovery time was accelerated by 13.6% and 29.5%, respectively. The recovery time of sample-3 at 6 V was 17 s, which was 72.6% shorter than that at 3 V. The results of the 20 tests indicated that the SMPCs have excellent cyclic recovery characteristics. The maximum recovery force of sample-3 was 1.8 N, which was 2.2 times that of sample-1. The weight of sample-3 was 2.37×10^-2 N, and the recovery force was 75.9 times of its gravity. The recovery force of sample-3 was stable in ten repeated tests, indicating satisfactory stability of the recovery force performance of SMPCs.

Conclusion CCF can significantly enhance the mechanical properties and storage modulus of SMPCs. The shape recovery ratio is up to 98% under thermal drive. The shape recovery speed is accelerated with the increase of weft ends. At the same voltage, the recovery speed is faster for samples with more weft ends. The increase in voltage also significantly accelerated the shape recovery speed of SMPCs. The increase in weft ends also increased the recovery force of SMPCs. It is shown that an appropriate increase in the weft ends would enhance both the shape recovery ratio and the mechanical properties of SMPCs. The findings of this research provide a new idea for preparing high-strength high-stiffness SMPCs and their application in low voltage drives.

Key words: fabric-reinforced composite, shape memory polyurethane, thermal drive, electrical drive, recovery force, carbon fiber

中图分类号:

TS101.2

刘仁义, 杨琴, 孙宝忠, 顾伯洪, 张威. 织物增强复合材料的电热驱动形状记忆回复行为[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(01): 72-79.

LIU Renyi, YANG Qin, SUN Baozhong, GU Bohong, ZHANG Wei. Electrically and thermally driven shape memory recovery behavior of fabric-reinforced composites[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(01): 72-79.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240103001

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I01/72

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