纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (01): 238-247.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240103202

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

防爆服装冲击防护性能测评技术研究进展

钱江瑞1, 刘文武2, 李俊1,3, 方以群2,4,5, 徐佳骏2()   

  1. 1.东华大学 服装与艺术设计学院, 上海 200051
    2.海军军医大学(第二军医大学)海军特色医学中心潜水与高气压医学研究室, 上海 200433
    3.现代服装设计与技术教育部重点实验室, 上海 200051
    4.免疫与炎症国家重点实验室, 上海 200433
    5.全军航海医学保障重点实验室, 上海 200433
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-17 修回日期:2024-05-21 出版日期:2025-01-15 发布日期:2025-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 徐佳骏(1981—),男,副研究员,博士。主要研究方向为潜水与高气压医学。E-mail:xujiajun920@163.com。
  • 作者简介:钱江瑞(1994—),女,博士生。主要研究方向为功能与防护服装。
  • 基金资助:
    国防应用推进项目(20AH0103);海军军医大学强海创新托举团队项目(24TPSL0101);海军特色医学中心卓优人才计划项目(21TPZY0101)

Research progress in evaluation methods for impact protection performance of bomb suits

QIAN Jiangrui1, LIU Wenwu2, LI Jun1,3, FANG Yiqun2,4,5, XU Jiajun2()   

  1. 1. College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
    2. Department of Diving and HyperbaricMedical Research, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433,China
    3. Key Laboratory of Clothing Design and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200051, China
    4. National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Shanghai 200433, China
    5. Military Key Laboratory of Naval Medical Support, Shanghai 200433, China
  • Received:2024-01-17 Revised:2024-05-21 Published:2025-01-15 Online:2025-01-15

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摘要：

为提升防爆服装冲击防护性能评估的准确性,综述了近些年国内外关于服装冲击防护性能测评技术及方法的研究现状。在明确现役防爆服装构成及其冲击防护性能评估内容的基础上,分析了当前爆炸实验、等效载荷实验、数值仿真3类测评方法的特点与不足;从测试方法的差异因素和局限2个角度,分析了不同测试条件、测试对象设置对防爆服装冲击防护性能测评结果的影响;对比总结了相关表征及评价指标的应用范围、优缺点。最后指出在未来的研究中,应全面准确地模拟真实爆炸冲击载荷环境、考虑人体真实着装防护状态,并构建完善的冲击防护性能评价体系,以提高防爆服装冲击防护性能测评的准确性。

关键词: 防爆服, 冲击载荷, 防护性能, 力学响应, 冲击防护性能评价

Abstract:

Significance Bomb suits offer the utmost personal protection in explosive impact situations, making it crucial to assess effectively their impact protection performance for public safety. This paper firstly clarifies the composition of bomb suits and delineates their evaluation contents for impact protection performance. Secondly, the application area, advantages and disadvantages of current bomb suits impact protection evaluation methods, characterization and evaluation indexes are reviewed. The effect of experiment conditions and experiment objects on the prediction results of protective performance are analyzed. The aim of this paper is to provide a reference for enhancing the rational effectiveness of evaluation methods for bomb suits' protective performance and improving the accuracy of evaluation results.

Progress The evaluation methods for the impact protection performance of bomb suits include explosion experiment, equivalent load physical experiment and numerical simulation. Explosion experiment is the closest to the complex scene conditions of real explosion. The test objects are materials, dressed-animals, dressed-mechanical manikin, and dressed-bionic manikin. However, this method has ethical limitations and high security risks. The test object of the equivalent load physical experiment is mainly materials, and the shock wave and fragment load are simulated respectively by the equipment. The setting of the testing conditions such as joint load, ambient temperature, ambient humidity is not insufficient. As a result, the impact performance of materials is overestimated and its protection to the human body cannot be directly evaluated. The method of numerical simulation, on the other hand, is non-destructive and highly repeatable. It enables visualization of the transient changes in materials, clothing, and biological bodies under explosion impact, and extraction of a series of characteristic parameters as evaluation indicators. However, current simulation research mainly focuses on the simplified macroscopic model, leading to deviations in prediction results. Additionally, comprehensive full-scales numerical simulation research on bomb suits has not been extensively reported.

Conclusion and prospect Based on existing research, it is a pressing need to enhance the rationality, effectiveness, and accuracy of the evaluation techniques and methods for assessing the impact protection performance of bomb suits. In future research on evaluation techniques for bomb suits, promoting the development of bionic manikin devices can facilitate the acquisition of human injury data and mechanical response parameters in explosion experiments. Considering composite explosion environments, the equivalent load physical experiment is carried out to deepen the study of material protection mechanism, so as to build a prediction model of the relationship between material protective performance and human damage. Furthermore, finite element modeling of explosion environment, bomb suits and human body taking into account the relative relationship between clothing and human body under the state of dressing is necessary to improve the accuracy of clothing protective performance prediction. Conducting a comprehensive evaluation of the impact protection performance of bomb suits through various methods is conducive to improving the accuracy of evaluation results and fully guaranteeing personnel safety.

Key words: bomb suit, impact loading, protection performance, mechanical response, evaluation of impact protection performance

中图分类号: 

  • TS941.73

图1

现役防爆服装构成及各层功能特点"

表1

服装/材料冲击防护性能测试方法"

方法 实验平台 载荷发生方式 冲击载荷 测试指标 缺点
爆炸实验 — C4塑料炸药爆炸 冲击波
破片
高温		 服装防爆完整性(各组件完整、无滑落等) 危险系数高、数据采集困难、实验精准性差
小型实验装置 三硝基甲苯(TNT)
炸药爆炸		 冲击波超压衰减、材料毁伤形变模式、动物死亡率、解剖伤情评估等
等效载荷物理实验 激波管 高压气瓶 冲击波 冲击波超压衰减 仅适用于评估材料对单一冲击载荷的防护能力
霍普金森压杆 气压驱动子弹杆 应力波 峰值应力、平台应力、吸能量、能量吸收效率、透射能
轻气炮 高压气瓶驱动金属弹丸 破片 弹丸运动速度变化量、材料毁伤形变模式
数值仿真 ABAQUS、LS-DYNA、AUTODYN等软件 虚拟载荷 冲击波
破片		 冲击载荷参数、材料特征参数、生物力学响应参数 需开展实验验证

表2

材料/服装冲击防护性能评价指标"

指标类型 表征及评价指标 应用范围 优点 缺点
冲击载荷特征参数 超压峰值、压力上升时间等 爆炸实验、激波管实验、数值仿真法 可定量评估材料/服装对冲击载荷的衰减 无法直接表征人体的损伤状况
V50值(达到50%击穿概率时的破片速度)、破片运动速度变化量 轻气炮实验、数值仿真法
防护材料特征参数 最大位移量、失效模式、裂纹扩展长度、损伤面积等 爆炸实验、数值仿真法 通过材料外观形态的变化表征其对冲击载荷的抵御能力 材料对冲击载荷的衰减与其对人体的防护能力不等价,不适合单独使用
吸能量、比吸能、能量吸收效率、平台应力、峰值应力等 等效载荷物理实验、数值仿真法 定量表征材料对冲击载荷的抵御能力
生物体特征参数 损伤等级ASII评分、AIS评分等 爆炸实验 从被防护生物体损伤的角度评估材料/服装的防护效能,是最直观的评价指标 不同损伤评分系统导致防护效能评估结果存在偏差
压力峰值、加速度等 爆炸实验、数值仿真法 —
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