高密度聚乙烯超细纤维篷布的闪蒸-水刺法制备及其防水透湿性

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高密度聚乙烯超细纤维篷布的闪蒸-水刺法制备及其防水透湿性

Flash spinning-hydroentangling process of high-density polyethylene microfibrous tarpaulin and its waterproof and permeable performance

高密度聚乙烯超细纤维篷布的闪蒸-水刺法制备及其防水透湿性

Flash spinning-hydroentangling process of high-density polyethylene microfibrous tarpaulin and its waterproof and permeable performance

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doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240201401

纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (01): 25-33.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240201401

叶孔萌¹, 秦子轩², 康桂田³, 李赛², 韩德孝⁴, 张恒²()

1.江苏青昀新材料有限公司, 江苏南通 226000
2.中原工学院智能纺织与织物电子学院, 河南郑州 451191
3.恒天重工股份有限公司, 河南郑州 450000
4.北京邦维高科新材料科技股份有限公司, 北京 100043

收稿日期:2024-02-14 修回日期:2024-05-30 出版日期:2025-01-15 发布日期:2025-01-15
通讯作者: 张恒(1986—),男,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为新型非织造材料加工技术及其功能性应用。E-mail: m-esp@163.com。
作者简介:叶孔萌(1982—),男,博士。主要研究方向为闪蒸法非织造技术及产业化开发。
基金资助:
河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划资助项目(24HASTIT011);河南省重大科技专项(231100320200);中原工学院优秀科技创新人才支持计划资助项目(K2023YXRC01);中原工学院学科骨干教师支持计划(GG202422)

YE Kongmeng¹, QIN Zixuan², KANG Guitian³, LI Sai², HAN Dexiao⁴, ZHANG Heng²()

1. Jiangsu Qingyun New Materials Co., Ltd., Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
2. College of Intelligent Textile and Fabric Electronics, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 451191, China
3. Hi-Tech Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
4. BW Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Beijing 100043, China

Received:2024-02-14 Revised:2024-05-30 Published:2025-01-15 Online:2025-01-15

摘要： 为获得适用于户外高价值目标遮盖的高强轻薄超细纤维材料,利用闪蒸-水刺工艺制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)超细纤维材料,并对其形貌结构、防护特性和力学性能进行测试。结果表明:所制备样品表现出致密的超细纤维非织造结构,即1~6 μm的纤维相互纠缠成孔隙率为82.7%~85.9%、模态孔径为6~8 μm的柔性多孔材料;纵向拉伸断裂强力和顶破强力随水针能量的增大分别提高到217.8 N和301.3 N,且柔软得分高于80;耐静水压随着样品单位面积质量增大到110 g/m²而提高到6 695.7 Pa,且透气率和水蒸气透过率分别为48.3 mm/s和2 321.2 g/(m²·24 h)。所制备样品兼具有高强、柔软和防水透气性,可作为篷布用于户外运动、物资存储和军用物资等安全防护。

关键词: 闪蒸, 水刺, 高密度聚乙烯, 超细纤维材料, 非织造技术, 户外防护, 篷布, 防水透湿

Abstract:

Objective Tarpaulin, as a physical barrier material, has functions including protection, humidity and heat regulation and asthetic decoration, and has been widely applicated in material storage, safeguarding sports facilities, and concealing military equipment. However, conventional tarpaulins, such as coated fabric and multi-layered composites, demonstrate poor flexibility, limited conformity, and inconvenient portability, because of the high-density and large-thickness of the material. Hence, the development of such fabrics with a combination of high-strength and light weight properties has emerged as a focal point in the sphere of sports, safety protection, and functional textiles.

Method As a commercial strategy for preparing micro-nanofibrous fabrics, a flash spinning process has the advantages of rich source of raw materials and high production efficiency. Unfortunately, the flash spinning process is still mainly associated with thermal bonding process, and the prepared micro-nanofibrous fabrics show poor hand feeling, i.e., strong plastic texture feeling. The hydroentangling technology is known for preparing flexible fibrous webs using high speed water jet to intertwine the fibres. Herein, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) microfibrous fabrics were prepared by using the flash spinning-hydroentangling process, and their morphological structure, mechanical properties, water and moisture permeability and radiation cooling characteristics were experimentally studied.

Results The prepared HDPE microfibrous fabric samples showed a typical nonwoven structure. The circular microfibers with the diameter between 1-6 μm were randomly distributed in the fabric plane, forming a dense microfibrous network with spunlaced nonwoven structural characteristics. The tensile breaking strength of 55 g/m² samples was higher than that of 45 g/m² polypropylene melt blown nonwovens (about 10.2 times in the longitudinal direction and 11.3 times in the transverse direction) and 20 g/m² polypropylene spunbonded nonwovens (about 3.1 times in the longitudinal direction and 4.5 times in the transverse direction), which is roughly equivalent to 70 g/m² viscose and polyester spunlaced nonwovens. Moreover, benefiting from the macromolecular structure of HDPE with low surface energy and the smooth surface of HDPE microfibers, the samples showed excellent resistance to common liquids, such as water, milk, tea and cola. The hydrostatic pressure increased from 4 557.1 Pa to 4 905.5 Pa, the hydroentangling energy increased from 1 699.3 kJ/m² to 8 299.7 kJ/m², while the air permeability and moisture vapor permeability reached 45.1 mm/s and 1 805.1 g/(m²·24 h), respectively. The radiation cooling temperature of the prepared samples was found to be 11.2 ℃ lower than that of the pure cotton fabrics. The HDPE microfibrous fabrics demonstrated high softness, high foldability, good portability and excellent conformability. The folded area of the sample with a spreading area of 15 cm×17 cm was reduced to 1/20. It could be rolled into 3 cm balls or folded into 3 cm×5 cm rectangular handkerchiefs. It is gratifying that HDPE microfiber fabrics are highly suitable for printing, markers, crayons, and other writing tools, delivering clear results. This opens up possibilities for enhancing functions such as aesthetic decoration, camouflage protection, and safety signage on tarpaulins.

Conclusion The HDPE microfiber fabric prepared by the flash spinning-hydroentangling process overcomes the limitations of poor hand feeling and strong plastic texture feeling associated with the flash spinning process, while offering high strength, excellent softness, waterproofness and permeability. It is suitable for high-strength, light weight tarpaulins, providing new possibilities for the development of functional products such as sports equipment, outdoor protection, and military gear.

Key words: flash spinning, hydroentangling, high-density polyethylene, microfiber material, nonwoven technology, outdoor protection, tarpaulin, waterproof and permeable

中图分类号:

TS176

叶孔萌, 秦子轩, 康桂田, 李赛, 韩德孝, 张恒. 高密度聚乙烯超细纤维篷布的闪蒸-水刺法制备及其防水透湿性[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(01): 25-33.

YE Kongmeng, QIN Zixuan, KANG Guitian, LI Sai, HAN Dexiao, ZHANG Heng. Flash spinning-hydroentangling process of high-density polyethylene microfibrous tarpaulin and its waterproof and permeable performance[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(01): 25-33.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240201401

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I01/25

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样品编号	单位面积质量/ (g·m^-2)	厚度/ mm	孔隙率/ %	水刺压力/ MPa	布进速度/ (m·min^-1)	水针能量/ (kJ·m^-2)
1^#	55	0.393	85.3	6	3	1 699.3
2^#	55	0.389	85.1	7	3	2 105.9
3^#	55	0.350	83.5	8	3	2 821.9
4^#	55	0.323	82.8	9	3	4 703.2
5^#	55	0.277	82.7	10	3	8 299.7
6^#	90	0.573	84.7	10	3	8 299.7
7^#	95	0.614	84.6	10	3	8 299.7
8^#	100	0.731	85.1	10	3	8 299.7
9^#	105	0.757	85.4	10	3	8 299.7
10^#	110	0.783	85.9	10	3	8 299.7

样品编号	断裂强力/ N				顶破强力/N
样品编号	纵向	横向	纵向	横向	顶破强力/N
1^#	103.8	68.9	27.2	18.3	112.0
2^#	105.1	70.1	29.4	18.6	121.8
3^#	106.3	70.5	29.7	19.1	133.1
4^#	128.2	84.0	32.1	22.6	136.3
5^#	134.6	84.7	32.7	23.3	138.7
6^#	162.5	138.0	53.3	69.9	230.7
7^#	187.7	144.6	55.6	70.9	241.7
8^#	198.3	145.1	58.9	74.4	264.1
9^#	216.3	157.3	62.9	75.0	289.7
10^#	217.8	168.0	66.3	78.6	301.3
聚丙烯熔喷非织造材料(45 g/m²)	13.1	7.5	16.0	85.7	17.3
聚丙烯纺黏非织造材料(20 g/m²)	43.8	18.7	16.1	58.7	—
粘胶水刺非织造材料(70 g/m²)	130.1	61.8	36.6	74.7	—
涤纶水刺非织造材料(70 g/m²)	140.8	57.7	47.0	118.1	—

样品编号	耐静水压/Pa	透气率/ (mm·s^-1)	水蒸气透过率/ (g·(m²·24 h)^-1)
1^#	4 557.1	60.6	2 165.6
2^#	4 688.7	56.9	2 017.9
3^#	4 779.3	52.8	1 968.3
4^#	4 804.1	49.3	1 313.0
5^#	4 905.5	45.1	1 805.1
6^#	6 096.7	48.3	2 321.2
7^#	6 241.3	40.8	2 145.9
8^#	6 356.3	39.2	1 819.8
9^#	6 538.6	36.2	1 706.4
10^#	6 695.7	30.8	1 676.6

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