自清洁织物的研究进展

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自清洁织物的研究进展

Research progress in self-cleaning fabrics

自清洁织物的研究进展

Research progress in self-cleaning fabrics

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doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240304702

纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (01): 227-237.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240304702

旋湘桃¹, 张辉¹(), 车秋玲², 魏乾阳³, 张劲峰³, 王毅⁴

1.西安工程大学纺织科学与工程学院, 陕西西安 710048
2.安踏(中国)有限公司, 福建晋江 362200
3.绍兴市柯桥区西纺纺织产业创新研究院, 浙江绍兴 312030
4.西安纤维纺织品监督检验所, 陕西西安 710068

收稿日期:2024-03-20 修回日期:2024-08-19 出版日期:2025-01-15 发布日期:2025-01-24
通讯作者: 张辉(1968—),男,教授,博士。主要研究方向为纺织材料改性及功能性纺织品研发。E-mail:hzhangw532@xpu.edu.cn。
作者简介:旋湘桃(1996—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为纺织材料改性及功能性纺织品研发。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51873169)

XUAN Xiangtao¹, ZHANG Hui¹(), CHE Qiuling², WEI Qianyang³, ZHANG Jinfeng³, WANG Yi⁴

1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
2. Anta (China) Co., Ltd., Jinjiang, Fujian 362200, China
3. Shaoxing Keqiao West-Tex Textile Industry Innovation Research Institute, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, China
4. Xi'an Textile Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China

Received:2024-03-20 Revised:2024-08-19 Published:2025-01-15 Online:2025-01-24

摘要：

为开发具有高效自清洁性能的织物,以满足人们对便捷、环保纺织品的需求,介绍了自清洁织物主要通过超疏水表面或光催化活性2种方式实现自清洁的原理,分析了自清洁织物的最新材料,综述了浸涂法、喷涂法、溶胶-凝胶法、原位聚合法、表面蚀刻法、层层自组装法和溶剂热法等制备超疏水自清洁织物的方法,以及水热/溶剂热合成法、浸涂法、沉积法、超声合成法、溶胶-凝胶法、微波辐照法和等离子体处理技术等制备光催化自清洁织物的方法。总结了国内外测试自清洁性能及其耐久性的常用方法,为织物自清洁性能评价提供依据。

关键词: 自清洁织物, 超疏水表面, 光催化活性, 溶胶-凝胶法, 耐久性

Abstract:

Significance Self-cleaning fabrics are of great research interest as their use is associated with life quality improvement, energy saving, and environmental protection, and the mechanisms for self-cleaning includes physical separation of surface pollutants from the fabric and photochemical decomposition of pollutants upon light illumination. This paper reviews the principles, preparation materials and methods of self-cleaning fabrics, and also compares the preparation methods used for superhydrophobic and photocatalytic self-cleaning fabrics. The research advancements of self-cleaning fabrics are mainly focused on the development of superhydrophobic fabics. Because of no unified testing method or standard, test methods and indexes of self-cleaning effectiveness are summarized to provide guides for the development and application of self-cleaning fabrics.

Progress Firstly, the principle of self-cleaning fabric is explained, including the properties of the self-cleaning fabrics and mechanisms to remove the pollutants adhered onto fabric surface via itself or decomposing pollutants upon light irradiation. Secondly, some new materials used for the preparation of self-cleaning fabric are summarized, including COF and MOF materials having great potential applications in self-cleaning fabric. Thirdly, the common preparation methods of self-cleaning fabric, such as dip coating, spray coating, sol-gel process, hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis, deposition, and plasma treatment, are summarized, indicating the latest achievements and technological advances in this field. Fourthly, the performance of superhydrophobic and photocatalytic self-cleaning fabrics is compared. Some technical indexes like water contact angle (WCA), sliding angle(SA), surface wettability, self-cleaning of inclined surfaces, silver mirror phenomenon, and water flow phenomenon for superhydrophobic self-cleaning fabric, and light source, light intensity, contaminant type, fabric size, and specific test method for photocatalytic self-cleaning fabrics, are introduced. Additionally, the durability test methods such as mechanical abrasion resistance, impact resistance, chemical stability, and thermal stability are summarized. Finally, because of no uniform test standard for the evaluation of self-cleaning fabrics, the method and indicator for testing self-cleaning fabrics are proposed.

Conclusion and Prospect At present, the novel materials used for preparing self-cleaning fabrics are in the research stage, and the large-scale application has not yet been achieved. It is crucial to understand the economic and environmental impacts of self-cleaning materials. Moreover, each fabrication process has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the selection of the preparation method should be based on a comprehensive consideration based on the characteristics of the selected materials, the application of fabric, and environment protection. Although WCA, SA, and surface wettability are usually employed, it is hard to assess the performance of photocatalytic self-cleaning fabric. The development of new photocatalytic materials with the long-lasting catalytic activity and low-energy illumination is an inevitable development trend. Superhydrophobic self-cleaning fabrics by chemical bonding with materials, or by introducing biological self-healing functions, or by improving the durability of superhydrophobic self-cleaning fabrics are probably the expected objective.

Key words: self-cleaning fabric, superhydrophobic surface, photocatalytic activity, sol-gel process, durability

中图分类号:

TS107

旋湘桃, 张辉, 车秋玲, 魏乾阳, 张劲峰, 王毅. 自清洁织物的研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(01): 227-237.

XUAN Xiangtao, ZHANG Hui, CHE Qiuling, WEI Qianyang, ZHANG Jinfeng, WANG Yi. Research progress in self-cleaning fabrics[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(01): 227-237.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240304702

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I01/227

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表1

自清洁制备方法优劣势比较"

织物	制备方法	溶剂用量	优缺点	织物性能	能耗	成本
TiO₂-APTES超疏水棉织物^[42]	浸涂法	较多(多次浸涂和干燥固化)	简单、经济高效;但可能负载不匀	良好力学、化学和热稳定性	中等(取决于干燥过程)	设备成本低,时间成本高
新型CO—SH超疏水棉织物^[46]	喷涂法	少量(可能喷涂多次再紫外线固化)	均匀涂层,效率高	良好的耐磨性和力学稳定性	中等(取决于固化过程)	设备成本中等,时间成本高
PDMS-SiO₂/APP/棉超疏水织物^[47]	一锅溶胶-凝胶法	中等(材料纯度高)	高附着力,多功能性	良好的耐久性	低(室温)	设备成本高,原料成本高
PDVB超疏水棉织物^[49]	原位聚合法	少量	高接枝率	优异的力学耐磨性、耐化学性及耐环境性	中等(反应时间长, 75 ℃反应12 h)	设备成本高,时间成本高
KH560/PDMSQ/JASO超疏水棉织物^[51]	层层自组装法	较多(需进行多次负载固化)	分子级控制,多功能涂层	良好的耐久性	中等(取决于烘干定型过程)	设备成本中等,时间成本高,工艺复杂
TiO₂改性涤/棉混纺光催化自清洁织物^[53]	一步水热法	少量	晶体尺寸可控,负载均匀牢固,环境友好	良好的耐水洗性	高(高温高压)	设备成本中等
MnO₂/ZnO光催化自清洁棉织物^[60]	沉积法	较少	负载均匀致密、沉积参数可控性强	良好的光催化自清洁能力	中等(沉积过程耗能)	设备成本高,原料成本高
Ce/ZnO或Ce/TiO₂-羊毛光催化自清洁织物^[61]	超声波合成法	少量	快速合成、简单高效	良好的光催化自清洁能力	低(时间短)	设备成本低,时间成本低,工艺简单
花状ZnO光催化自清洁棉织物^[63]	微波辐照法	少量	加速反应	良好的自清洁、抗菌及防紫外线性能	中等(温度高、时间短)	设备成本中等,时间成本低,工艺简单

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织物	处理方法	水接触角/(°)	水滑动角/(°)	测试方法
SiO₂超疏水棉衬衫材料^[65]	喷涂法	≈160	<6	表面浸润性(有色水);负载细土后浸入水中
VTMS/TiO₂/PDMS超疏水织物^[66]	喷涂法	170	<10	表面浸润性(水滴);斜面自清洁(Al₂O₃和SiO₂粉混合物)
Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/HMDS/PDMS超疏水织物^[67]	喷涂法	>150	<8	表面浸润30 min (茶水、可乐、有色水、牛奶、pH值为1/13的水滴);银镜现象;抗黏附图;水喷流反弹;斜面自清洁(CuSO₄粉末)
无氟十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷/棉超疏水抗菌织物^[68]	浸涂法	157±5	7	表面浸润性(茶、蜂蜜、牛奶、乙二醇);泥水浸泡(10 min); 80 ℃条件下污染液蒸发实验(茶滴和彩色水滴)
TiO₂/PFDTS/棉超疏水抗菌织物^[69]	浸涂法	169.3± 2.1	6.3± 2	液滴撞击行为;斜面自清洁(沙尘粒径5~20 μm);彩色水滴空气蒸发1 d后,再用水珠带走留下的彩色小点;浸入铁锈溶液48 h
TiO₂/巯基硅烷/噻吩/PFOMA超疏水光催化织物^[43]	浸渍- 干燥固化	157.7	4	斜面自清洁(MB水溶液、果汁、红茶、咖啡、可乐和牛奶)
PDMS-SiO₂/APP/棉超疏水织物^[47]	一锅溶胶- 凝胶法	162	8	表面浸润性(有色水);银镜现象(有色水);抗黏附过程图(5 μL水滴); 15°斜面自清洁实验(咖啡粉)
MTCS/蚕丝超疏水织物^[50]	酶蚀刻法	153.5	8.5	表面浸润性(有色水);斜面自清洁(咖啡粉)

织物	处理方法	光源	光强/ (mW·cm^-2)	污染物	织物尺寸	测试方法	降解率
1% Cu(II)/棉织物^{[57] a}	浸涂法	太阳模拟器	—	咖啡(10 mg/L)	5 cm×5 cm	织物浸入咖啡液后光照,测试K/S值和色差	约100% (2 h)
Cu₂O/TiO₂/棉光催化自洁织物^{[56] b}	浸涂法	太阳光	—	MB (20 mg/L)、咖啡(5 g/L)和柴油	5 cm×5 cm	织物着色光照测定透过率	12 h后完全降解MB
TiO₂/巯基硅烷/噻吩/PFOMA超疏水光催化织物^{[43] c}	浸渍-固化	紫外线	30	0.5 g/L的OR染色乙醇	—	污染物滴在织物表面后照射	4 h后完全降解
TiO₂改性涤/棉混纺织物^{[53] c}	一步水热法	30 W 金卤灯	—	MB (10 mg/L)、咖啡和火龙果汁(50 mg/L)	—	0.5 mL污染物滴在织物表面光照	3 h后MB基本完全降解
MIL-53(Fe)/表面羧基化涤纶织物^{[54] d}	溶剂热法	100 W可见LED灯	14.95	RR 195 (0.025 mmol/L), PVA (50 mg/L)	0.5 cm× 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm× 1.0 cm	织物浸泡在100 mL污染物溶液中	RR 195:约100%(1.5 h),PVA:57.66%(2.5 h)
UiO-66-NH₂/ BiOBr/碳纤维布^[37]d	溶剂热法-浸涂工艺	300 W氙灯	—	LVFX/CIP (10 mg/L)	4 cm×4 cm	织物浸泡在50 mL污染物溶液中	LVFX: 92.2%, CIP: 86.4%(2 h)
Ln (Eu³⁺、Tb³⁺) MOF/ 粘胶织物^{[55] d}	溶剂热法原位生长	500 W等效日光灯	—	RhB (20 mg/L)	2 cm×2 cm	10 μL污染物喷洒在织物表面	85%~97% (2 h)
AgNPs/棉织物^{[70] d}	等离子体原位合成	18 W荧光灯	0.044	MB (10 mg/L)	0.5 g	织物浸泡在50 mL污染物溶液中	约100% (24 h)

织物	机械耐磨性	化学稳定性	冷/热稳定性	耐老化性	自修复性
VTMS/TiO₂/PDMS超疏水织物^[66]	超声波洗涤1 h;家庭洗涤50次;砂纸磨损600次	酸(H₂SO₄, pH=2)和碱(NaOH, pH=13) (31 d)	-10~180 ℃ (24 h)	室外暴露 1个月	—
Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/HMDS/PDMS超疏水织物^[67]	砂纸磨损200次	酸/碱/盐(pH=1~14) (24 h)	-20~120 ℃ (24 h)	紫外线照射(24 h)	—
无氟十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷/棉超疏水抗菌织物^[68]	水流激射;超声波浴(洗涤剂、热水和有机溶剂)洗涤1 h	3.5% (w/v) NaCl(24 h)有机溶剂(甲苯、氯仿和碳酸二甲酯) (7 d)	120~240 ℃ (退火1 h)	紫外线照射(40 h)	—
TiO₂/PFDTS/棉超疏水抗菌织物^[69]	水流激射;水洗试验(热水、洗洁精水、甲苯、丙酮和苯)水洗1 h;砂纸磨损60次;洗涤20次(1 h/次)	pH=2 (20 h), pH=13 (10 h)	50~300 ℃ 退火	—	—
珊瑚礁结构纳米SiO₂超疏水织物^[71]	砂纸磨损50次;手指擦拭;胶带剥离50次;弯曲循环50次	DMF、THF、己烷、氯仿和乙酸乙酯(2 h);3.5%NaCl溶液浸泡(24 h)	—	紫外线照射(5 h)	—
TiO₂/巯基硅烷/噻吩/PFOMA超疏水光催化织物^[43]	洗涤30次(15 min/次);砂纸磨损20次	pH=1~13 (72 h); DMF、乙醇、THF、丙酮溶液浸泡	—	—	紫外线照射2.5 h后亲水性测试,110 ℃加热2 h恢复超疏水能力
S-CNFs-棉/涤纶织物^[72]	洗涤30次;瓷砖摩擦500次	—	—	室外暴露31 d	熨烫3~5 min;70 ℃加热30 min
NiAl-LDHs/棉织物^[73]	砂纸磨损500次;钢球摩擦30 min;超声波洗涤1 h;胶带剥离100次	—	—	—	氧等离子体刻蚀后亲水性测试,60 ℃条件下30 min后或室温放置4 h恢复自清洁能力

Just accepted

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