非对称润湿性纤维复合膜的制备及其油水分离性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240403501

纺织学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (08): 10-17.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240403501

• 纺织科技新见解学术沙龙专栏:先进非织造品与技术 • 上一篇下一篇

非对称润湿性纤维复合膜的制备及其油水分离性能

杨硕¹^,²^,³, 赵朋举¹^,²^,³, 程春祖¹^,²^,⁴, 李晨暘¹^,²^,³, 程博闻¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

1.天津科技大学轻工科学与工程学院, 天津 300457
2.天津科技大学生物源纤维制造技术国家重点实验室, 天津 300457
3.天津科技大学天津市制浆造纸重点实验室, 天津 300457
4.中国纺织科学研究院有限公司生物源纤维制造技术国家重点实验室, 北京 100025

收稿日期:2024-04-15 修回日期:2024-05-12 出版日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2024-08-21
通讯作者: 程博闻(1963—),男,教授,博士。主要研究方向为产业用纺织品。E-mail:bowenc17@tust.edu.cn。
作者简介:杨硕(1990—),男,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为轻纺新材料。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(22208247);生物源纤维制造技术国家重点实验室开放基金资助课题(SKL202201)

Preparation of composite fiber membranes with asymmetric wettability and oil-water separation performance

YANG Shuo¹^,²^,³, ZHAO Pengju¹^,²^,³, CHENG Chunzu¹^,²^,⁴, LI Chenyang¹^,²^,³, CHENG Bowen¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

1. School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy, Beijing 100025, China

Received:2024-04-15 Revised:2024-05-12 Published:2024-08-15 Online:2024-08-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决乳化油分离过程中分离效率和通量难以兼顾的问题,以木浆为原料,以氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,采用静电纺丝技术制备纤维素纳米纤维膜;以纤维素纳米纤维膜为亲水层,以聚丙烯熔喷布为疏水层,采用热压复合工艺,构建了具有非对称润湿性材料(Janus)特性的纤维复合膜,并应用于乳化油的油水分离。结果表明:在最佳工艺条件下,复合膜的孔径为0.826 μm,分离效率为98.8%,通量为9 798.8 L/(m²·h);复合膜具有优异的重复使用性能,使用10次后其分离效率仍能保持在98%,通量达9 444.5 L/(m²·h);复合膜对正己烷、正庚烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、石油醚均具有显著分离效果,其分离效率均大于98%,通量均在9 000 L/(m²·h)以上。

关键词: 纤维素, 静电纺丝, 纳米纤维, 聚丙烯熔喷布, 油水分离, 非对称润湿性材料

Abstract:

Objective Emulsified oil is known to be difficult to separate due to the close combination of water and oil, and Janus composite membrane with multiple wettability is studied aiming to effectively separate the emulsified oil. In this study, the Janus structure is constructed by two layers of fiber membranes with different wettability, and the difference of micro-nanometer size is used to solve the problem of high separation efficiency and low flux of composite membranes, so as to prepare composite membranes with both high separation efficiency and high flux.

Method Janus composite membranes with micro- and nano-structures were prepared from cellulose nanofiber membranes as hydrophilic layer and polypropylene meltblown nonwovens as hydrophobic layer by hot pressing method. The prepared cellulose-polypropylene composite nanofiber membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscope, capillary flow pore size analyzer and contact angle tester. The composite membranes were also tested for pore size, Laplace force, separation performance, repeatability and generalizability.

Results The cellulose nanofiber membrane prepared by electrostatic spinning technology using cellulose as raw material. The results showed that when the spinning voltage was 25 kV, the spinning rate was 5 mL/h and the spinning time was 16 h, the cellulose nanofiber membranes showed the best performance, with an average pore size of 5.029 μm and a thickness of 0.281 mm. The cellulose nanofiber membrane showed amphiphilicity in air, oleophobicity under water, and hydrophilicity under oil, which can be used as a hydrophilic material for Janus structure. Polypropylene meltblown nonwovens exhibits hydrophobicity and lipophilicity in air, hydrophobicity under oil, and lipophilicity under water, and can be used as a hydrophobic material for Janus structure. The Janus membrane was then prepared by laminating cellulose nanofiber membrane and polypropylene meltblown nonwovens in combination with hot pressing process. The areal density of polypropylene meltblown nonwovens, hot pressing temperature and hot pressing pressure were found to affect the performance of the composite membrane. According to the experiments, when the grammage of polypropylene meltblown nonwovens was 30 g/m², the hot pressing temperature was 130 ℃, and the hot pressing pressure was 30 N, the separation efficiency and flux of the composite membrane are the most balanced, with 98.8% and 9 789.9 L/(m²·h), respectively. The composite membrane demonstrated excellent reuse performance, and after 10 cyclic use, its separation efficiency still maintained at 98%, and the flux 9 444.5 L/(m²·h). The composite membrane showed significant separation effect on these oils to be mentioned, for which the separation efficiency was more than 98%, and the flux was more than 9 000 L/(m²·h).

Conclusion In this study, Janus composite membranes with cellulose nanofiber membrane as hydrophilic layer and polypropylene meltblown nonwovens as hydrophobic layer were prepared. The composite membranes prepared under optimum process conditions achieved the best separation efficiency and flux of 98.8% and 9 798.8 L/(m²·h), respectively. The composite membranes had excellent reusability, and the separation efficiency could still maintain 98% and the flux reached 9 444.5 L/(m²·h) after 10 cyclic use. The composite membranes had significant separation effects on all five common emulsified oils. This idea achieves a balance between separation efficiency and flux, and has theoretical value and practical significance for the development of emulsified oil separation membranes.

Key words: cellulose, electrostatic spinning, nanofiber, polypropylene meltblown nonwoven, oil-water separation, Janus

中图分类号:

TS174.8

杨硕, 赵朋举, 程春祖, 李晨暘, 程博闻. 非对称润湿性纤维复合膜的制备及其油水分离性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2024, 45(08): 10-17.

YANG Shuo, ZHAO Pengju, CHENG Chunzu, LI Chenyang, CHENG Bowen. Preparation of composite fiber membranes with asymmetric wettability and oil-water separation performance[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(08): 10-17.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240403501

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V45/I08/10

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参考文献 18

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纺丝参数			纤维素纳米纤维膜特性
纺丝时间/h	纺丝电压/kV	纺丝速率/ (mL·h^-1)	孔径/ μm	厚度/ mm
8	25	5	7.212	0.145
16	25	5	5.029	0.281
24	25	5	4.494	0.425
8	24	5	6.694	0.166
8	26	5	4.520	0.135
8	25	4	4.099	0.126
8	25	6	6.799	0.164

工艺参数			复合膜性能
熔喷布面密度/(g·m^-2)	热压温度/℃	热压压力/N	分离效率/%	通量/ (L·(m²·h)^-1)
20	130	30	95.8	17 956.5
30	130	30	98.8	9 798.8
40	130	30	98.9	8 726.1
30	110	30	98.0	15 788.1
30	120	30	98.4	12 615.1
30	140	30	99.1	5 183.1
30	150	30	99.3	2 105.1
30	120	10	96.8	33 873.7
30	120	20	97.9	22 962.5
30	120	40	98.9	7 105.1
30	120	50	99.3	5 183.1

非对称润湿性纤维复合膜的制备及其油水分离性能

Preparation of composite fiber membranes with asymmetric wettability and oil-water separation performance

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参考文献 18

相关文章 15

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工艺参数			复合膜的孔径/μm
熔喷布面密度/ (g·m^-2)	热压温度/℃	热压压力/N	复合膜的孔径/μm
20	130	30	1.178
30	130	30	0.826
40	130	30	0.513
30	110	30	1.360
30	120	30	1.165
30	140	30	0.614
30	150	30	0.394
30	120	10	1.330
30	120	20	0.983
30	120	40	0.709
30	120	50	0.573

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