类蒲叶结构聚乳酸熔喷非织造材料的制备及其性能

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类蒲叶结构聚乳酸熔喷非织造材料的制备及其性能

Melt-blown process and structural characterization of bio-typha polylactic acid medical protective materials

类蒲叶结构聚乳酸熔喷非织造材料的制备及其性能

Melt-blown process and structural characterization of bio-typha polylactic acid medical protective materials

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doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240802901

纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (02): 51-60.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240802901

赵珂¹, 张恒¹(), 程文胜², 甄琪³, 步青云¹, 崔景强²

1.中原工学院智能纺织与织物电子学院, 河南郑州 451191
2.河南驼人医疗器械研究院有限公司,河南新乡 453400
3.中原工学院智能服饰与服装学院, 河南郑州 451191

收稿日期:2024-08-19 修回日期:2024-10-18 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-03-04
通讯作者: 张恒(1986—),男,副教授,博士。研究方向为新型非织造材料的加工技术及其功能性应用。E-mail: m-esp@163.com。
作者简介:赵珂(2002—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为功能性纤维材料的结构设计。
第一联系人：
说明:本文入选中国纺织工程学会第25届陈维稷论文卓越行动计划
基金资助:
河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划资助项目(24HASTIT011);河南省重大科技专项项目(231100320200);中原工学院优秀科技创新人才支持计划项目(K2023YXRC01);中原工学院学科骨干教师支持计划项目(GG202422)

ZHAO Ke¹, ZHANG Heng¹(), CHENG Wensheng², ZHEN Qi³, BU Qingyun¹, CUI Jingqiang²

1. College of Intelligent Textile and Fabric Electronics, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 451191, China
2. Henan Tuoren Medical Device Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xinxiang, Henan 453400, China
3. College of Fashion Technology, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 451191, China

Received:2024-08-19 Revised:2024-10-18 Published:2025-02-15 Online:2025-03-04

摘要：

为解决无序结构聚乳酸(PLA)超细纤维材料医用防护性的不足,以石蜡(PW)共混改性PLA为原料,通过熔喷原位牵伸工艺制备了类蒲叶PLA超细纤维材料,并对其结构特征和医用防护性进行表征和测试。结果表明:所制备样品的纤维直径分布在1~8 μm,取向角分布在-30°~30°的纤维占比为63.24%,表现出清晰的类蒲叶高定向结构;纤维直径小于3 μm的超细纤维占比、取向角小于30°的定序分布和特征间距定性表征了类蒲叶高定向排列结构特征,所建立的类蒲叶结构参数随工艺参数变化的二次回归方程置信度为0.97;受益于类蒲叶结构的有效调控,滚动倾斜角度减小到32.38°,水接触角和耐静水压分别增大到155°和2 597 Pa,满足国家标准的技术要求,为超细纤维医用防护材料的仿生结构设计和绿色化制备提供实施例。

关键词: 蒲叶, 仿生结构, 聚乳酸, 熔喷, 原位牵伸, 医用防护, 非织造

Abstract:

Objective Medical protective materials serve as the last defense line for the safety of medical and healthcare personnel. A densely packed micro-porous structure with high directional alignment plays a significant role in preventing the penetration of liquids. This paper reports a study on the structural design of the melt-blown microfibrous material inspired by the typha, and experimentally analyzes the lophotrichous structure parameters and medical protective performance of this material. The aim is to achieve a green and efficient medical protective material.

Method In this study, we utilized polylactic acid (PLA) modified by paraffin wax (PW) blending as the primary material, and fabricated lophotrichous structural PLA microfibrous membranes via the in-situ drawing melt-blown process. Simultaneously, the sample structures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, we conducted experimental analyses on the medical protective performance using liquid contact angle measuring instrument, fully automatic hydrostatic pressure tester, and W3-type cup method water vapor permeability tester.

Results In terms of micro-morphology, the PLA microfibrous fabrics exhibited a lophotrichous high-orientation structure along the direction of the stretching force. This structure provided orientation for liquid rolling on its surface. Moreover, an increase in the drafting ratios and the PW mass caused reduction in fiber diameter distribution and orientation angle distribution of the samples, providing a dense, porous structural foundation for easy liquid rolling on the surface. Concurrently, the characteristic parameters of the lophotrichous structure, such as the microfibers ratio, the oriented distribution, and feature spacing, were characterized by the features of PLA microfibrous fabrics with a fiber diameter less than 3 μm and an orientation angle less than 30°. A quadratic regression equation was established to describe the variation of these lophotrichous structural parameters with process parameters which had a confidence level of 0.97. The results indicated that when the drafting ratios was 3.0, the microfibers ratio increased to 18.88%, and the longitudinal static contact angle and static water pressure increased to 147° and 2 721 Pa, respectively. Compared to samples with the PW mass of 1%, the inclination angle and water vapor permeability of the PW-5% sample decreased by 48.36% and 10.35%, respectively. As the drafting ratios increased from 1.8 to 3.0, the oriented distribution in the samples increased from 35.01% to 63.24%, while the horizontal static contact angle and static water pressure increased from 140° and 2 083 Pa to 155° and 2 597 Pa, representing increases of 10.71% and 24.68%, respectively.

Conclusion The PLA microfibrous membranes with a lophotrichous highly oriented structure, prepared using the in-situ drawing melt-blown process, have tremendous application potential in the medical protective field. Among these, the PLA microfibrous fabrics, due to their dense pore structure, exhibit superior liquid barrier properties and outstanding biodegradability, meeting the requirements as green and efficient medical protective materials. This offers reference for the structural design of medical protective materials.

Key words: typha, biomimetic structure, polylactic acid, melt-blown, in-situ drafting, medical protection, nonwoven

中图分类号:

TS174

赵珂, 张恒, 程文胜, 甄琪, 步青云, 崔景强. 类蒲叶结构聚乳酸熔喷非织造材料的制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(02): 51-60.

ZHAO Ke, ZHANG Heng, CHENG Wensheng, ZHEN Qi, BU Qingyun, CUI Jingqiang. Melt-blown process and structural characterization of bio-typha polylactic acid medical protective materials[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(02): 51-60.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240802901

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I02/51

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设备	特征参数	温度/℃
螺杆挤出机	一区温度	185
	二区温度	215
	三区温度	225
计量泵	转速为4 r/min	225
熔喷模头	喷丝孔直径0.25 mm,长径比10∶1	225
罗茨风机	热风压力为40 kPa	225
其它	接收距离为18 cm	—
	牵伸比例为1.8、2.4、2.6、2.8和3.0	—

样品编号	特征间距/μm	样品编号	特征间距/μm
PW-1%	6.67	Q_1.8	7.25
PW-2%	5.53	Q_2.4	5.17
PW-3%	4.43	Q_2.6	4.12
PW-4%	3.85	Q_2.8	3.67
PW-5%	2.39	Q_3.0	2.22

样品编号	耐静水压/ Pa	透湿率/ (g·m^-2·(24 h)^-1)
PW-1%	2 075	2 114
PW-2%	2 322	2 105
PW-3%	2 574	2 090
PW-4%	2 635	2 040
PW-5%	2 721	1 895
Q_1.8	2 083	2 193
Q_2.4	2 112	2 121
Q_2.6	2 311	2 082
Q_2.8	2 358	2 012
Q_3.0	2 597	1 983

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