兼具力学性能与高效阻燃性能粘胶织物的制备及其性能

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兼具力学性能与高效阻燃性能粘胶织物的制备及其性能

Preparation and performance of flame-retardant viscose fabrics with both mechanical and efficient flame-retardant properties

兼具力学性能与高效阻燃性能粘胶织物的制备及其性能

Preparation and performance of flame-retardant viscose fabrics with both mechanical and efficient flame-retardant properties

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doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240904001

纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (02): 188-196.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240904001

宋婉萌¹^,²^,³, 王宝弘¹^,²^,³, 孙宇¹^,²^,³, 杨家祥¹^,²^,³, 刘云¹^,²^,³(), 王玉忠⁴

1.青岛大学纺织服装学院, 山东青岛 266071
2.青岛大学功能纺织品与先进材料研究院,山东青岛 266071
3.青岛大学新型防火阻燃材料开发与应用国家地方联合工程研究中心,山东青岛 266071
4.四川大学化学学院, 四川成都 610064

收稿日期:2024-09-23 修回日期:2024-11-06 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-03-04
通讯作者: 刘云(1982—),女,教授,博士。主要研究方向为功能纤维及纺织品。E-mail:yliu@qdu.edu.cn。
作者简介:宋婉萌(1998—),女,博士生。主要研究方向为阻燃纺织品。
第一联系人：
说明:本文入选中国纺织工程学会第25届陈维稷论文卓越行动计划
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52373059);泰山学者工程专项经费资助项目(tsqn202306163)

SONG Wanmeng¹^,²^,³, WANG Baohong¹^,²^,³, SUN Yu¹^,²^,³, YANG Jiaxiang¹^,²^,³, LIU Yun¹^,²^,³(), WANG Yuzhong⁴

1. College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
2. Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
3. National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials Development & Application (Shandong), Qindao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
4. College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China

Received:2024-09-23 Revised:2024-11-06 Published:2025-02-15 Online:2025-03-04

摘要：

针对植酸阻燃剂在轧烘焙高温整理条件下会对纤维素基织物产生严重的损伤,造成力学性能大幅下降的问题,通过植酸与麦芽糖醇反应合成植酸改性麦芽糖醇阻燃剂(PAMA),并将其通过轧烘焙工艺应用于粘胶织物整理。探讨了阻燃剂对粘胶织物在高温整理条件下的阻燃性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:当植酸与麦芽糖醇的量比为1∶3时,合成的阻燃剂显著提升了织物的阻燃性能,同时有效保持了其力学性能;处理后织物的极限氧指数提高至30.1%,高温区的热稳定性有所提升,残炭量显著增加,最大热释放速率降低82%;烟释放下降明显;断裂强力保留高达98%,相比于纯植酸整理的织物,断裂强力提升近400%;PAMA阻燃剂在高温条件下展现出优异性能,具有良好的应用前景。

关键词: 粘胶织物, 生物基阻燃剂, 阻燃性能, 力学性能, 植酸, 麦芽糖醇, 功能纺织品

Abstract:

Objective Viscose fabrics, known for their breathability, dyeability, and comfort as renewable cellulose-based textiles, have found widespread use in daily life. However, viscose fabrics retain the flammable nature of cellulose-based materials, with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of only about 18.5%. As their usage grows, so does the potential fire hazard they pose. Therefore, the flame-retardant finishing of viscose fabrics is crucial to safeguard human lives and property. Furthermore, viscose fabrics often have lower tensile strength, and most flame retardants are acidic, potentially compromising the fabric's strength during finishing. Hence, achieving flame retardancy while maintaining mechanical properties is a highly significant challenge.

Method Phytic acid (PA) and maltitol were mixed in a three-necked flask with specific molar ratios i.e., 1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3, 1∶4, and 1∶5, and reacted under magnetic stirring at 130 ℃ for 3 h to produce the flame retardant, named PAMAab (ab presents the molar ratio of PA to maltitol). PAMA was dissolved in water to prepare aqueous solutions of 100 g/L and 200 g/L, respectively. Then, viscose fabrics were soaked in the flame-retardant solution with a bath ratio of 1∶20, and 5% sodium hypophosphite was added as a stabilizer. The flame retardant was applied to viscose fabrics using a pad-dry-curing method, in which the viscose fabrics were immersed into the solution at 70 ℃ for 20 min, then pre-dried at 80 ℃ for 3 min, followed by curing at 170 ℃ for 3 min to obtain the flame retardant treated viscose fabrics.

Results To prepare the flame-retardant treated viscose fabrics with better flame retardancy and mechanical properties, the effect of different molar ratios of PA to maltitol on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of treated viscose fabrics was investigated in detail. The results indicated that the flame-retardant treated viscose fabrics achieved an improved balanced combination of the flame retardancy and mechanical properties when the molar ratio of PA to maltitol was 1∶3. Scanning electron microscope results showed that the flame retardant and PAMA successfully covered the surface of the fibers without noticeably blocking the orifices between them. With a flame-retardant concentration of 100 g/L, LOI value of the PAMA13-100 treated viscose fabric increased from 18.5% to 30.1%, enabling self-extinguishing with no after-flame or after-glow time. Thermal stability analysis revealed that PAMA13-100 exhibited reduced thermal stability in the low-temperature range but improved thermal stability in higher temperature zones, with a significant increase in char residues at 700 ℃. The peak heat release rate and total heat release of PAMA13-100 were decreased by 83% and 51%, respectively, and total smoke production was decreased from 3.3 m² to 0.2 m². PAMA13-100 demonstrated denser and more stable residual chars after cone calorimeter test, effectively preventing further flame spread and greatly enhancing the fire safety of finished viscose fabrics. Additionally, it is noteworthy that the tensile strength retention in warp direction of PAMA13-100 approached 100%, nearly 400% higher compared with that of fabrics treated with pure PA, and the tensile strength in weft direction arrived at 114%, ensuring the secured subsequent processing and use of finished viscose fabrics. This system enabled the finished viscose fabrics to achieve a UPF value of over 40, meeting the requirements for ultraviolet protection textiles and demonstrating potential as a multifunctional product.

Conclusion In conclusion, the flame retardant, PAMA, enhanced the flame retardancy and tensile strength retention of viscose fabrics treated with PA-based flame retardants through the pad-dry-curing finishing process. This system exhibited self-extinguishing properties without after-glow or after-flame time when the weight gain was 10.1%, and it effectively reduced smoke release. It can be applied to carpets, curtains, and other textiles. In subsequent research, efforts will focus on optimizing and improving its washing durability to achieve higher practical value.

Key words: viscose fabric, bio-based flame retardant, flame retardancy, tensile strength, phytic acid, maltitol, functional textile

中图分类号:

TS195.2

宋婉萌, 王宝弘, 孙宇, 杨家祥, 刘云, 王玉忠. 兼具力学性能与高效阻燃性能粘胶织物的制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(02): 188-196.

SONG Wanmeng, WANG Baohong, SUN Yu, YANG Jiaxiang, LIU Yun, WANG Yuzhong. Preparation and performance of flame-retardant viscose fabrics with both mechanical and efficient flame-retardant properties[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(02): 188-196.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240904001

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I02/188

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样品	增重率/%	续燃时间/s	阴燃时间/s	损毁长度/mm	LOI值/ %
原粘胶织物	0	24	40	300	18.5
PA-100	10.5	0	0	53	38.2
PAMA11-100	7.2	0	0	155	29.8
PAMA12-100	8.8	0	0	161	29.6
PAMA13-100	10.1	0	0	97	30.1
PAMA14-100	5.9	18	0	300	26.4
PAMA15-100	5.7	14	0	300	26.6

气体氛围	样品	T_5%/ ℃	T_max1/ ℃	R_max1/ (%·℃^-1)	T_max2/ ℃	R_max2/ (%· ℃^-1)	700 ℃ 时残炭量/ %
	原粘胶织物	156	343	1.25	—	—	8.5
氮气	PA-200	202	230	0.46		—	43.7
	PAMA13-100	227	255	0.47	—	—	43.0
	PAMA13-200	216	246	0.44	—	—	44.0
	原粘胶织物	183	323	0.84	460	0.27	1.0
空气	PA-200	208	228	0.46	509	0.17	9.4
	PAMA13-100	224	262	0.48	501	0.20	12.7
	PAMA13-200	227	254	0.47	503	0.13	21.5

样品	TTI/s	PHRR/ (kW·m^-2)	THR/ (MJ·m^-2)	TSP/ m²
原粘胶织物	27	171	5.9	3.3
PA-200	-	15	2.9	0.2
PAMA13-100	25	29	2.9	0.2
PAMA13-200	-	12	2.2	0.9

样品	UVA 透过率/%	UVB 透过率/%	UPF值
原粘胶织物	19.75	24.74	8.35
PAMA13-100	4.33	4.28	45.70
PAMA13-200	4.52	3.45	48.21

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