聚酯纤维与聚乙烯/聚丙烯双组分纤维多孔吸声材料的制备及其性能

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doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240908101

摘要：

针对噪声污染问题,以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维(PET)和聚乙烯/聚丙烯双组分纤维(ES)为原料,采用针刺工艺,结合热风黏合技术,制备PET/ES纤维多孔吸声非织造材料。借助扫描电子显微镜、毛细流孔径分析仪、电子织物强力仪、噪声振动测试系统对PET/ES纤维多孔吸声非织造材料结构形貌特征、孔径及其分布、力学性能和吸声性能进行表征。结果表明:所制备的吸声材料孔隙率最高可达91.22%,且随着热风黏合温度和黏合时间的增加,吸声材料的力学性能显著提升,相较于热加固前提升了2 044%;此外,PET/ES 纤维的配比和喂入量对材料的吸声系数有显著影响;ES纤维混入比例较低时材料对低频呈现较好的吸声系数,随着ES纤维含量增加可显著提升材料对高频段的吸声系数。

关键词: 聚酯纤维, 聚乙烯/聚丙烯双组分纤维, 多孔结构, 非织造材料, 吸声性能, 热风黏合工艺

Abstract:

Objective Noise pollution is listed as one of the four major pollutants in the world, along with water pollution, air pollution, and solid waste pollution, which seriously endangers human health. Therefore, it is of great importance to study sound absorption materials with simple processes and universal applicability. PET/ES fiber porous sound absorption nonwoven materials were prepared by using polyethylene terephthalate fiber (PET) and polyethylene/polypropylene bicomponent fiber (ES) as raw materials, using the needling process in combination with hot air bonding technology.

Method PET and ES fibers of different ratios (9∶1, 8∶2, 7∶3, 6∶4, 5∶5 for PET/ES fibers) were mixed, and the fibers were weighed in different qualities (20 g, 40 g, 60 g, 80 g, 100 g), and the fibers were opened, carded, and then needled to obtain the PET/ES composite fiber mesh. The PET/ES composite fiber porous sound absorption nonwoven material was prepared by the hot air bonding with regulated hot melt temperature (135 ℃ and 145 ℃) and bonding time (10, 20, and 30 min). With a scanning electron microscope, pore size analyzer, electronic fabric strength machine, and noise vibration test system, the morphological characteristics, pore size and its distribution, mechanical properties, and sound absorption properties of the PET/ES fiber porous sound absorption nonwoven materials were characterized.

Results PET and ES fibers had good microscopic morphology, no obvious cross-linking between fibers, and the distribution of fiber diameters was more concentrated. The melting point of PET fibers was at 250 ℃, and the ES fibers had two melting points at 129 ℃ and 160 ℃, respectively, which indicated that in the ES fibers with the skin-core structure the polyethylene fibers (PE) were on the surface layer and polypropylene fibers (PP) were in the core layer. The mechanical properties of the sound absorption materials were significantly improved with the increase of hot air bonding temperature and bonding time (2 044% compared to the pre-hot reinforcement). The prepared sound absorption materials all had high porosity (above 80%, up to 91.22%), and the porosity tended to increase with the increase of fiber feeding and ES fiber content. In addition, the average pore size and standard deviation of pore size of the sound absorption materials decreased with the increase of fiber feeding and ES fiber content (up to 83.16% for pore size and 82.26% for standard deviation of pore size). The mechanical properties of the material are affected by the ratio and feeding amount of PET/ES fibers. An increase in fiber feeding caused increase in the surface density and thickness of the material, resulting in a significant increase in tensile stress of the sound absorption material. The increase in ES fiber content resulted in an increase in the number of bonding points between neighboring fibers within the fiber network, which led improvement of the structural stability of the fiber network, and enhancement of the tensile stress of the material. The ratio of PET/ES fibers and the amount of feeding had a significant effect on the sound absorption coefficient of the material, which was more obvious at low frequencies when the proportion of ES fibers was low, and the sound absorption coefficient of the material at high frequencies was significantly improved with the increase of ES fiber content.

Conclusion In summary, the prepared PET/ES fiber porous sound absorption materials demonstrated high porosity, and the mechanical properties of the sound absorption materials are significantly improved with the increase of the hot air bonding temperature and bonding time. In addition, the ratio of PET/ES fibers and the amount of feeding had a significant effect on the sound absorption coefficient of the material, which was better at low frequencies when the proportion of ES fibers was low, and the sound absorption coefficient of the material at high frequencies was significantly improved with the increase of ES fiber content. The materials developed in this study require a simple preparation process and demonstrate strong universality, which provide reference significance for the development of new multi-frequency band sound absorption materials.

Key words: polyester fiber, polyethylene/polypropylene bicomponent fiber, porous structure, nonwoven material, sound absorption performance, hot air bonding technology

中图分类号:

TS174

王容容, 周洲, 冯祥, 申莹, 刘峰, 邢剑. 聚酯纤维与聚乙烯/聚丙烯双组分纤维多孔吸声材料的制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(02): 61-68.

WANG Rongrong, ZHOU Zhou, FENG Xiang, SHEN Ying, LIU Feng, XING Jian. Preparation and properties of porous sound absorption materials made from polyester/ethylene-propylene fibers[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(02): 61-68.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240908101

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I02/61

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PET/ES 纤维配比	纤维喂入量/g	厚度/ mm	面密度/ (g·m^-2)	孔隙率/ %
	20	0.999	164	87.75
	40	1.379	260	85.93
9∶1	60	2.412	338	89.54
	80	2.540	372	89.07
	100	4.314	560	90.31
	20	0.686	178	79.89
	40	1.900	250	89.80
8∶2	60	2.305	324	89.10
	80	2.501	532	83.51
	100	3.25	632	84.93
	20	0.877	204	81.39
	40	1.507	295	84.34
7∶3	60	2.951	408	88.94
	80	3.436	380	91.15
	100	4.062	648	86.53
	20	0.975	172	85.30
	40	2.186	278	89.40
6∶4	60	3.309	366	90.78
	80	3.172	422	88.91
	100	6.233	648	91.34
	20	1.032	126	89.47
	40	1.487	290	83.19
5∶5	60	2.191	346	86.39
	80	4.628	640	88.08
	100	6.324	644	91.22