氧化铋-硅橡胶基X射线防护织物的制备及性能

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氧化铋-硅橡胶基X射线防护织物的制备及性能

Preparation and properties of bismuth oxide-silicone rubber-based X-ray protective fabrics

氧化铋-硅橡胶基X射线防护织物的制备及性能

Preparation and properties of bismuth oxide-silicone rubber-based X-ray protective fabrics

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doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240908401

纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (02): 227-235.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240908401

李鑫¹, 叶培培¹, 赵晓曼¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 王鸿博⁵, 杨国荣⁶, 洪剑寒¹^,²^,³^,⁴

1.绍兴文理学院纺织科学与工程学院, 浙江绍兴 312000
2.浙江省清洁染整技术研究重点实验室,浙江绍兴 312000
3.绍兴文理学院纤维基复合材料国家工程研究中心绍兴分中心, 浙江绍兴 312000
4.绍兴文理学院绍兴市高性能纤维及制品重点实验室, 浙江绍兴 312000
5.江南大学江苏省功能纺织品工程技术研究中心, 江苏无锡 214122
6.中纺院(浙江)技术研究院有限公司, 浙江绍兴 312000

收稿日期:2024-09-30 修回日期:2024-10-17 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-03-04
通讯作者: 赵晓曼(1988—),女,讲师,博士。主要研究方向为新型功能纺织材料。E-mail:wxzhxm09@163.com。
作者简介:李鑫(2004—),女,本科生。主要研究方向为新型功能纺织材料。
基金资助:
浙江省公益技术研究计划项目(LGJ21E030001);国家自然科学基金项目(52300167);绍兴市基础公益类计划项目(重点)(2022A11004);中国纺织工业联合会科技指导性项目(2021005)

LI Xin¹, YE Peipei¹, ZHAO Xiaoman¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), WANG Hongbo⁵, YANG Guorong⁶, HONG Jianhan¹^,²^,³^,⁴

1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
2. Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
3. Shaoxing Sub-Center of National Engineering Research Center for Fiber-Based Composites, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
4. Shaoxing Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
5. Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Function Textiles, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
6. China Textile Academy (Zhejiang) Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China

Received:2024-09-30 Revised:2024-10-17 Published:2025-02-15 Online:2025-03-04

摘要：

为研发质轻、无毒的X射线柔性辐射防护材料,采用涂层法制备氧化铋-硅橡胶基无铅X射线柔性防护涤纶织物,研究氧化铋含量对其刚柔性、密度、力学性能及其X射线防护性能的影响规律。结果表明:当每100 g硅橡胶中氧化铋含量为240 g时,防护材料的刚柔性最优;不同氧化铋含量的柔性防护材料的密度为0.8 ~ 1.6 g/cm³,显著低于常规含铅防护材料(3.79 g/cm³);当氧化铋含量为180~240 g时,防护材料的强伸性更好,并且其断裂伸长率优于未处理涤纶织物;综合考虑氧化铋-硅橡胶基无铅X射线柔性防护织物的X射线防护性能、柔软性和力学性能,每100 g硅橡胶中含240 g氧化铋为最优方案,涤纶织物单位体积的X射线防护比例为29.73%。

关键词: 辐射防护, 功能纺织品, 涤纶织物, 氧化铋, 硅橡胶, X射线防护, 涂层法

Abstract:

Objective X-ray, as a short-wave ionizing radiation source, is widely used in the fields of national defense, industrial flaw detection, medical diagnosis and treatment, archaeology and other fields. However, the overdose of X-ray radiation may cause serious harm to the human body and the environment. Most of the common radiation shielding materials contain lead. The lead and its compounds have high density and strong cumulative toxicity, and the prepared protective materials are bulky and with poor elasticity, which limit in the application of radiation protection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop lead-free, lightweight, and non-toxic flexible X-ray radiation protective materials.

Method A bismuth oxide-silicone rubber-based X-ray flexible protective fabric was prepared through surface coating process. Micro-nanoscale bismuth oxide was selected as the protective filler, silicone rubber as the coating carrier. The microscopy morphology, physical and mechanical properties and X-ray radiation protection properties of coated samples were characterized and analyzed. The influence of bismuth oxide content on the physical and mechanical properties of X-ray protective materials and their X-ray protective properties were studied.

Results The areal density of PET substrate fabric increased with the increasing content of bismuth oxide when the bismuth oxide content per 100 g of silicone rubber was lower than 360 g.The maximum areal density was 474 g/m². When 100 g of silicone rubber contains more than 360 g of the bismuth oxide, the areal density of the coated material showed slight decrease and gradually reached a static level. The increase in bismuth oxide content made the thickness of PET fabric increase and then followed by a decrease. When the content of bismuth oxide reached 240 g per 100 g of silicone rubber, the PET fabric was with the maximum thickness of 0.39 mm. The density of flexible protective materials with different bismuth oxide contents was in the range of 0.8 to 1.6 g/cm³, compared to 3.79 g/cm³of the commercial lead-containing protective materials. It is evident that the density of the prepared coated fabric was significantly lower than that of conventional lead-containing protective materials.

The coated fabrics exhibited poor bending performance comparing with the pristine fabric. The bending elastic modulus tended to increase first and then decrease with the increase of bismuth oxide content. The SEM and EDS images showed that the bismuth oxide powder was dispersed evenly in the silicone rubber when the bismuth oxide content per 100 g of silicone rubber was less than 240 g. When the bismuth oxide content per 100 g of silicone rubber exceeded 240 g, the bismuth oxide powder gradually formed some self-aggregated particles, resulting in poor dispersion in the silicone rubber. When the bismuth oxide content per 100 g of silicone rubber reached 240 g, the bismuth element was evenly and densely distributed on the fabric surface. There was no powder dropping on the surface of the fabric sample, which was conducive to X-ray protection and practical application. The coating of bismuth oxide-silicone rubber enhanced the breaking strength of PET fabrics. The breaking elongation of coated fabrics was lower than the pristine sample except for the fabrics with bismuth oxide contents of 180 to 240 g per 100 g of silicone rubber. The highest X-ray protection ratio of PET fabrics was 28.81% when the bismuth oxide content reached 360 g per 100 g of silicone rubber. However, when the bismuth oxide content per 100 g of silicone rubber was 240 g, the highest X-ray protection ratio per unit density of PET fabric reached 29.73%.

Conclusion The maximum thickness of coated PET fabric was 0.39 mm when the content of bismuth oxide reached 240 g per 100 g of silicone rubber. The density of flexible protective materials with different bismuth oxide contents was in the range of 0.8 to 1.6 g/cm³, which was significantly lower than that of conventional lead-containing protective materials. The maximum load of bismuth oxide was 360 g per 100 g of silicone rubber. Bwteen bismuth oxide content 0 and 360 g per 100 g of silicone rubber, 240 g was found the the optimal for lightweight and softness. For practical application of flexible X-ray protective materials, dispersion uniformity of bismuth oxide in silicone rubber and drop of particles from the fabric surface are two important considerations. The bismuth oxide content of less than 240 g per 100 g of silicone rubber should be selected, considering the parameters of X-ray protection performance, softness and mechanical properties of the coated PET fabrics, the optimal filling amount of bismuth oxide per 100 g of silicone rubber was 240 g. The X-ray protection ratio per unit density of PET fabric was 29.73%. The X-ray protection ratio was approximated to be 31.9% for the nanocomposite materials prepared with polymethyl methylmethacrylate (PMMA) as the polymer matrix and bismuth oxide nanoparticles as the filler. In addition, the thermal stability and the breaking strength of PET fabrics after coating was improved.

Key words: radiation protection, functional textile, polyester fabric, bismuth oxide, silicone rubber, X-ray protection, coating process

中图分类号:

TL733

李鑫, 叶培培, 赵晓曼, 王鸿博, 杨国荣, 洪剑寒. 氧化铋-硅橡胶基X射线防护织物的制备及性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(02): 227-235.

LI Xin, YE Peipei, ZHAO Xiaoman, WANG Hongbo, YANG Guorong, HONG Jianhan. Preparation and properties of bismuth oxide-silicone rubber-based X-ray protective fabrics[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(02): 227-235.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240908401

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I02/227

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样品编号	透明液体硅橡胶B质量/g	氧化铋质量/g	乙酸乙酯质量/g	固化剂质量/g	防护材料中氧化铋的质量分数/%
SR/Bi₂O₃ 100/0	100	0	10	2	0.0
SR/Bi₂O₃ 100/60	100	60	30	2	37.0
SR/Bi₂O₃ 100/120	100	120	60	2	54.1
SR/Bi₂O₃ 100/180	100	180	90	2	63.8
SR/Bi₂O₃ 100/240	100	240	120	2	70.2
SR/Bi₂O₃ 100/300	100	300	150	2	74.6
SR/Bi₂O₃ 100/360	100	360	180	2	77.9
SR/Bi₂O₃ 100/420	100	420	210	2	80.5
SR/Bi₂O₃ 100/480	100	480	240	2	82.5

每100 g硅橡胶中氧化铋的质量/g	60	120	180	240	300	360	420	480
铋元素含量/%	34.1	38.3	52.2	58.9	61.4	68.8	70.3	73.9

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