Abstract: The structure of the fabric for medical protective wear was observed with the scan electron microscope(SEM),and the characteristics of fabrics with various composite structure were analyzed.The water vapor permeability of the protective fabrics was tested with the moisture absorption method and the evaporation respectively.The water vapor permeability of the multilayer fabric under simulated medical wear was tested too.The experiments show that polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) membrane laminated fabric possesses a high water vapor permeability,while PU coated fabric and TPU coated non-woven fabric possess a low water vapor permeability as well as obvious coating defects and exfoliating.Compared with the moisture absorption method,the the evaporation test indicates a small value of the water vapor permeability under the same conditions.The water vapor permeability declines as the layer of the fabric increases.