Abstract: Raw bamboo fibers used for non-woven and composite industries were prepared by means of swelling,acid & alkali treatments and softening treatment,in which,the four parameters of acid & alkali treatments were optimized,namely concentration,temperature,duration of treatment and bath ratio.The longitudinal directions of the fibers were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and the tensile strength of the fibers were tested and evaluated so as to determine the optimal process.The results reveal that concentration of the acid & alkali treatments has the greatest influence on the tensile property of the fibers.When the acid & alkali concentrations are(1.5 g/L) and(8 g/L) respectively,the tensile strength of the fibers attains a peak at(5.5 cN/dtex,) which is increased by nearly 27 times than that of the fibers before treatment,and the softness increases by one time.Therefore,the fibers can be carded into uniform fiber webs.