Abstract: According to historical documents, this article discusses and summaries the reasons of changes on ancient costume culture of Shes Nationality based on an analysis of development and evolution of Shes’ ancient costume culture. The factors that affect the changes can be summarized as two aspects, one is the impetus which promotes the evolution, and the other one is resistant force which saves the heritage. The impetus can be divided into biological factor (national integration), geographical factor (migration), economic factor (economic changes in lifestyle), technology development factor (dyeing technology), cultural transmission factor (the mainstream culture infection), psychological factor (imitation psychology) and so on; the resistant force mainly focuses on national faith of Panhu worship and national character of resistance. The changes on ethnic costumes, which reflect the formation and development of the Chinese culture and cohesiveness, are usually the result of multiple factors.