纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (03): 168-174.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200200507

所属专题： 医用纺织品

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防护口罩用非织造滤料的制备技术与研究现状

张星1, 刘金鑫1, 张海峰2, 王玉晓1, 靳向煜1()   

  1. 1.东华大学 产业用纺织品教育部工程研究中心, 上海 201620
    2.南通大学 纺织服装学院, 江苏 南通 226019
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-03 修回日期:2020-03-01 出版日期:2020-03-15 发布日期:2020-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 靳向煜
  • 作者简介:张星(1990—),男,博士生。主要研究方向为非织造过滤材料。
  • 基金资助:
    中国纺织工业联合会应用基础研究项目(J201703)

Preparation technology and research status of nonwoven filtration materials for individual protective masks

ZHANG Xing1, LIU Jinxin1, ZHANG Haifeng2, WANG Yuxiao1, JIN Xiangyu1()   

  1. 1. Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles,Ministry of Education,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China
    2. School of Textile and Clothing,Nantong University,Nantong,Jiangsu 226019,China
  • Received:2020-02-03 Revised:2020-03-01 Online:2020-03-15 Published:2020-03-27
  • Contact: JIN Xiangyu

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摘要：

为深入了解防护口罩用非织造滤料的研究现状,分别介绍了纺粘非织造滤料、针刺非织造滤料和熔喷非织造滤料的应用基础与制备技术。归纳了电晕驻极技术、水驻极技术和热空气驻极技术的原理与特点,针对性地阐述了三类非织造过滤材料和驻极处理技术的国内外最新研究进展。分析了聚合物改性技术、驻极处理技术对非织造滤料过滤性能的影响。认为防护口罩用非织造滤料及其制备技术未来的研究方向是聚合物的改性技术、新材料的高速成网技术和驻极处理技术,并需完善相应的评价标准体系。

关键词: 防护口罩, 非织造技术, 过滤材料, 驻极技术, 聚合物改性技术, 医用纺织品

Abstract:

In order to gain a deeper understanding of the current research status of the nonwoven filtration materials for protective masks, this paper introduced the application foundation and processing technologies of several nonwoven filtration materials, including spunbond nonwovens, needle punched nonwovens and melt blown nonwovens. The mechanisms and performances of corona charging, hydro charging and air charging were introduced. In particular, three types of nonwoven filtration materials mentioned above were elaborated together with the latest global research progress of electret technology. The influence of polymer modification technology and electret treatment technology on filtration performance of the nonwoven materials were further analyzed respectively. The review indicates that polymer modification technology, high-speed preparation technology of new materials and electret treatment technology are regarded as the research directions of nonwoven filtration materials for protective masks and its preparation technology in the future, and the evaluation standard system should be improved accordingly.

Key words: protective mask, nonwoven technology, filtration material, electret technology, polymer modification technology, medical textiles

中图分类号: 

  • TS176

图1

双模头纺粘非织造翻网成型技术工艺流程 1—料斗;2—螺杆挤出机;3—过滤器;4—计量泵;5—纺丝箱;6—牵伸装置;7—冷却风;8—分丝;9—抽吸装置;10—成网装置A;11—成网装置B;12—加固装置;13—成卷装置。"

图2

聚丙烯热轧纺粘非织造滤料表面和轧点截面扫描电镜照片"

图3

聚乙烯/聚丙烯热风纺粘非织造滤料扫描电镜照片"

图4

拱形设计的KN95口罩"

图5

针刺非织造滤料的成型工艺流程 1—针板;2—刺针;3—剥网板;4—托网板;5—成卷装置;6—纤维网;7—针刺非织造滤料。"

图6

熔喷非织造滤料的成型技术工艺图 1—料斗;2—螺杆挤出机;3—过滤器;4—计量泵;5—纺丝模头;6—热空气;7—抽吸装置;8—成网装置。"

图7

电晕驻极原理图 1—高压电源;2—驻极针板;3—待驻极滤料;4—铜板。"

图8

“电晕蓝光”现象"

图9

水驻极原理图 1—喷雾装置;2—水雾;3—待驻极滤料;4—抽吸装置。"

图10

热气流驻极原理图 1—热空气;2—待驻极滤料;3—驻极装置。"

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