纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (04): 15-20.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190706206

• 纤维材料 • 上一篇    下一篇

聚乙烯醇-乙烯共聚物纳米纤维增强聚丙烯微米纤维复合空气过滤材料的结构与性能

万雨彩, 刘迎, 王旭, 易志兵, 刘轲(), 王栋   

  1. 武汉纺织大学 湖北省纺织新材料及其应用重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430200
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-29 修回日期:2020-01-13 出版日期:2020-04-15 发布日期:2020-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 刘轲
  • 作者简介:万雨彩(1996—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为纳米纤维基过滤分离材料。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省重点研发计划项目(2019JZZY010338);湖北省自然科学基金重点项目(2016CFA076)

Structure and property of poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) nanofiber/polypropylene microfiber scaffold: a composite air filter with high filtration performance

WAN Yucai, LIU Ying, WANG Xu, YI Zhibing, LIU Ke(), WANG Dong   

  1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
  • Received:2019-07-29 Revised:2020-01-13 Online:2020-04-15 Published:2020-04-27
  • Contact: LIU Ke

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摘要：

为提高常规纤维基空气过滤材料的过滤性能,采用熔融共混相分离法制备得到聚乙烯醇-乙烯共聚物(PVA-co-PE)纳米纤维并制成悬浮乳液,将聚丙烯(PP)针刺基材浸渍到悬浮乳液中进行冷冻干燥处理,得到PVA-co-PE纳米纤维增强PP微米纤维骨架复合空气过滤材料。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、静电电位计、孔径分析仪及滤料综合测试台对过滤材料的结构及性能进行表征。结果表明:当纳米纤维的面密度为9.34 g/m2时,复合空气过滤材料对尺寸为0.3 μm的NaCl气溶胶粒子的过滤效率为99.936%,阻力压降为81 Pa,品质因数为0.091 9 Pa-1,且复合过滤材料的拉伸强度及拉伸模量相比PP针刺基材均增加50%。

关键词: 聚乙烯醇-乙烯共聚物, 聚丙烯, 冷冻干燥, 复合过滤材料, 空气过滤

Abstract:

To enhance the filtration performance of fiber based air filtration materials, poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE) nanofibers were prepared using the melt-blend-phase-separation method. The composite filter was obtained by immersing the polypropylene (PP) needle-punched nonwoven fabric into the aqueous phase-based PVA-co-PE nanofibers and freeze-dring them. The composite filters were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, electrostatic voltmeter, capillary flow poromete and filter tester. After the filtration test of NaCl nano-aerosol with the size of 0.3 μm, a best filtration performance was obtained with quality factor of 0.091 9 Pa-1, filtration efficiency of 99.936% and pressure drop of 81 Pa when basic density of nanofiber is 9.34 g/m2. The tensile strength and modulus of this composite filter both show about 1.5 times higher than that of PP needle-punched nonwoven fabric.

Key words: poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene), polypropylene, freeze drying, composite filter, air filtration

中图分类号: 

  • TS176.9

图1

PVA-co-PE复合过滤材料的制备示意图"

图2

PP针刺基材和PVA-co-PE复合过滤材料的SEM照片"

图3

PP针刺基材和PVA-co-PE复合过滤材料的红外光谱图"

图4

PP针刺基材和PVA-co-PE复合过滤材料过滤后的扫描电镜照片"

图5

不同面密度的PVA-co-PE复合过滤材料的过滤性能"

表1

不同空气流量下PP针刺基材和PVA-co-PE复合过滤材料的过滤效率"

空气流量/
(L·min-1)		 过滤效率/%
PP针刺基材 PVA-co-PE复合过滤材料
32 54.296 99.936
50 39.672 99.925
85 27.990 99.916
100 20.519 99.892

表2

不同预处理条件下PP针刺基材和PVA-co-PE复合过滤材料的过滤性能"

预处理方式 过滤效率/% 阻力压降/Pa 平均表面电位/V
PP针刺
基材		 PVA-co-PE
复合过滤材料		 PP针刺
基材		 PVA-co-PE
复合过滤材料		 PP针刺
基材		 PVA-co-PE
复合过滤材料
未处理 89.145 99.936 17 81 484 3
高湿度处理 80.848 98.752 17 83 390 3
高温处理 61.334 98.728 15 82 301 1
低温处理 54.674 98.717 14 84 283 3

图6

PP针刺基材和PVA-co-PE复合过滤材料的应力-应变曲线"

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