纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (07): 174-181.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20191100408

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

织物散湿性能的研究进展

雷敏, 李毓陵(), 马颜雪, 程隆棣, 周峰   

  1. 东华大学 纺织学院, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-01 修回日期:2020-02-27 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2020-07-23
  • 通讯作者: 李毓陵
  • 作者简介:雷敏(1993—),女,博士生。主要研究方向为织物的热湿传递。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0309100);东华大学研究生创新基金资助项目(CUSF-DH-D-2019053)

Research progress of moisture evaporating performance of fabrics

LEI Min, LI Yuling(), MA Yanxue, CHENG Longdi, ZHOU Feng   

  1. College of Textiles, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2019-11-01 Revised:2020-02-27 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2020-07-23
  • Contact: LI Yuling

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摘要：

为有效评价织物的散湿功能,获得性能优异的热湿舒适性产品,探究了纺织品散湿性能的影响因素,包括出汗速度、温度、湿度等环境因素,以及纤维组成、纤维形貌、织物结构等内部因素。然后从散湿性能测试的国际标准及测量指标、室温散湿测试、加热散湿测试3个方面,分析了不同检测方法的特点、适用范围及最新研究进展,研究了现有检测标准与方法的优势与局限性。最后指出,应该通过搭建可模拟真实人体微气候与外界环境的热湿检测装置,系统地分析环境因素与织物性能对散湿的影响,研究散湿过程的传热传质机制,为织物性能优化与舒适性面料的开发提供理论参考。

关键词: 织物散湿性能, 热湿舒适性, 吸湿快干, 水分管理

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the moisture evaporating property of fabrics and to produce thermal-moisture comfort products with excellent performance, this paper reviews on the influencing factors of moisture evaporating properties of fabrics, including environmental factors (sweating speed, temperature and humidity) and textile structure (fiber composition, fiber morphology, fabric structure). The researches about international standards and measurement indexes of the moisture evaporating, measurement in indoor temperature and in heat were analyzed to evaluate their advantage, applicability and disadvantage. Following the review, it is suggested that we should build a thermal-moisture detection device that can simulate the real microclimate to study the domination of environmental factors and fabric properties on the moisture evaporating. It is concluded that further research on heat and mass transfer mechanisms in the evaporating process are essential to produce comfortable fabrics.

Key words: moisture evaporating performance of fabric, thermal-moisture comfort, quick-drying, moisture management

中图分类号: 

  • TS101.923

表1

人体对织物水分管理性能的需求"

类别 季节 环境 出汗量 人体对织物水分管理性能的需求
运动服 冬 低温低湿 大 汗汽无法散发会有湿冷刺激,要求导湿、散湿性好
夏 高温高湿/低湿 大 汗汽无法散发会有黏腻、闷感,要求散湿性好
日常休闲服饰 冬 低温高湿/低湿 小 快速吸湿
夏 高温高湿/低湿 中等 快速吸湿、导湿
贴身内衣、袜品 冬 低温高湿/低湿 小 直接与皮肤紧密接触,空气对流少,要求快速吸湿
夏 高温高湿/低湿 大 直接与皮肤紧密接触,空气对流少,要求快速导湿、散湿
高温作业服装 - 高温 大 吸收汗液越多,服装导热率越高,要求快速散湿
卫生医用产品 - - 小 快速吸湿导湿,减少皮肤湿触感,有透气性

表2

织物散湿性能测试指标"

测试指标 物理意义 单位 标准
透湿量 在一定时间内,穿透材料表面的水气的质量,被测材料表面温度保持恒定,而相对湿度不定 g/(h·m2) ASTM E96/E96 M—2012《材料水蒸气透过性的标准试验方法》、
JIS L 1099—2012《纺织品透湿性试验方法》、
ISO 2528—1995《薄页材料 水蒸气透湿度的测定 重量法》、
BS 7209—1990(R1997)《水蒸气能渗透的衣料规范》
湿阻 服装内外的水蒸气压差与垂直通过单位面积内蒸发热流量的比值 Pa·m2/W GB/T 11048—2008《纺织品 生理舒适性 稳态条件下热阻和湿阻的测定》
水分蒸发
速率		 蒸发的水分质量与滴加的水分总质量的比值 % AATCC 201《织物干燥速度测试:热板法》、
GB/T 21655.1—2008《纺织品 吸湿速干性的评定 第1部分:单项组合试验法》
水分残存率 织物含湿量与滴加水分量的比值 % FTTS-FA-004《吸湿排汗速干纺织品》
干燥时间 润湿的织物达到干态质量所用时间 s AATCC 201《织物干燥速度测试:热板法》、
JIS L1096—2010《机织物和针织物的测试方法:干燥性》、
GB/T 21655.1—2008《纺织品 吸湿速干性的评定 第一部分:单项组合试验法》

表3

织物散湿性能测试方法的对比"

测试条件 测试方法 指标 人体-服装-大气微环境影响因素
出汗方式 蒸发面积 温度/℃ 风速/(m·s-1) 湿度
室温测试 透湿杯法 透湿量 - 控制 - - -
滴水称量法 蒸发速率 - - - - -
模拟出汗法 蒸发速率 持续出汗 - - - -
加热测试 加热干燥法 蒸发时间 滴定量水、完全浸润 - 37 1.5 -
仿人体法 热阻 持续出汗 - 37 变化风速 变化湿度
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