纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (09): 191-200.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200405610

所属专题： 医用纺织品

• • 上一篇    

医用纺织品的研究进展

严佳1,2, 李刚1,2()   

  1. 1.苏州大学 纺织与服装工程学院, 江苏 苏州 215123
    2.苏州大学 现代丝绸国家工程实验室, 江苏 苏州 215123
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-20 修回日期:2020-06-15 出版日期:2020-09-15 发布日期:2020-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 李刚
  • 作者简介:严佳(1997—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为生物医用纺织材料。
  • 基金资助:
    中国纺织工业联合会科技指导性项目(2018054);江苏省第十五批“六大人才高峰”高层次人才项目(GDZB-035);中国化学纤维工业协会-绿宇基金项目(2018914);纺织面料技术教育部重点实验室开放课题项目(W201903)

Research progress on medical textiles

YAN Jia1,2, LI Gang1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
    2. China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
  • Received:2020-04-20 Revised:2020-06-15 Online:2020-09-15 Published:2020-09-25
  • Contact: LI Gang

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摘要：

为开发生物相容性好、安全有效性能稳定的医用纺织品,对医用纺织品及其原材料的种类、构成形式、物理性能、生物性能和优缺点进行了阐述,介绍了医用纺织品的常见制备加工技术、表面处理和化学改性技术的研究进展,分析了医用纺织品的未来发展需求和趋势,以及面临的主要问题和机遇。最后指出:天然和人工合成的生物材料正在被广泛用于医用纺织品中,这些材料因其易于加工、可降解性、良好的力学性能以及生物相容性,使得医用纺织品能够用于体内植入、软组织修复、医疗保健和卫生等相关领域;医用纺织品涉及多学科交叉领域,需要生物材料、纺织和医学临床的多学科人才团队协同创新。

关键词: 医用纺织品, 卫生保健用纺织品, 人工器官, 植入型医用纺织品

Abstract:

In order to develop medical textiles with good biocompatibility, safety, effectiveness and stability, this paper reviews comprehensively on the types, composition forms, physical and biological properties, advantages and disadvantages of medical textiles and their raw materials. The research progress in commonly used preparation and processing technologies, surface treatment methods and chemical modification technologies for medical textiles were introduced. Future development demands and trends of medical textiles together with the main problems and opportunities were analyzed. It is concluded that natural and synthetic biomaterials are being widely used in medical textiles, which are easy to process and degradable. They have good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, making medical textiles suitable for in vivo implantation and soft tissue repair, healthcare and hygiene and other related fields. Medical textiles involve multi-disciplinary knowledge, and require multi-disciplinary teams of talents in biomaterials, textiles, and clinical medicine to work together for innovation.

Key words: medical material, healthcare and hygiene textiles, artificial organs, implantable textiles

中图分类号: 

  • TS106

图1

蚕丝与蜘蛛丝纤维的横截面"

表1

丝蛋白基生物材料在医用纺织品的应用研究"

类别 应用领域 制备方式 材料 参考文献
体外治疗用制品 矫形绷带/功能纺织品 针织/机织 丝织物 [24]
移植用制品 手术缝合线 单丝/复丝编织 丝线或钛夹 [25]
肌腱/韧带/神经 针织和/或编织 RGD改性多根纤维蚕丝① [26-27]
疝气补片/皮肤/肌肉 机织/经编和/或纬编 蚕丝蛋白网络 [28-29]
角膜/心脏瓣膜 非织造 聚L-丙交酯-己内酯/胶原蛋白/丝蛋白 [30]
人工关节/骨头 非织造/静电纺 骨蛋白和羟基磷灰石粒子改性丝蛋白纱线 [31]
牙线/绷带 编织 改性蚕丝 [32]
血管支架 非织/编织/机织 三维丝蛋白支架 [33]
人造血管 机织/针织/编织/静电纺 包有丝胶的涤纶/蚕丝 [34]
气管/食道/肠支架 经/纬编/编织/非织造涂层 载药丝蛋白涂层 [35]
人工器官用制品 人工肾脏、肺 蚕丝薄膜 丝-赖氨酸嵌段共聚物和DNA质粒② [36]
人工肝 非织造/纤维混合 丝蛋白/胶原蛋白共混膜 [37]
卫生保健用
纺织品		 医院/外科用纺织品
手术服/口罩		 非织造/纬编/经编/机织/
编织/后整理		 丝蛋白后整理剂;
涂有抗菌整理剂的基质		 [38-39]

图2

使用天然或合成的聚合物制造的植入型医用纺织品"

表2

医用防护口罩的类型、防护指标、结构及防护性能"

口罩种类 技术指标 结构 细菌过滤效率
(3.0 μm级)		 非油性颗粒物
过滤效率
(0.3 μm级)		 合成血液
穿透阻力/
kPa		 表面抗湿性 密封性
棉布口罩 无明确要求 复合纤维压制 无明确要求 无明确要求 无明确要求 无明确要求 一般
普通医用口罩 YY/T 0969—2013 SMS ≥95% 无明确要求 无明确要求 无明确要求 一般
医用外科口罩 YY 0469—2011 (内层)吸湿层(中层)
熔喷层(外层)阻水层		 ≥95% ≥30% 15.96 无明确要求 一般
医用防护口罩 GB 19083—2010 与医用外科口罩相似,
但中层更厚		 无明确要求 ≥95%(1级)
≥99%(2级)
≥99.97%(3级)		 10.64 沾湿等级3级 紧密
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