纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 188-196.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20191106409

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热防护服装测评用传感器的发展及其研究现状

翟丽娜1(), 李俊2,3, 杨允出1   

  1. 1.浙江理工大学 国际教育学院 310018
    2.东华大学 服装与艺术设计学院, 上海 200051
    3.东华大学 现代服装设计与技术教育部重点实验室, 上海 200051
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-28 修回日期:2020-07-07 出版日期:2020-10-15 发布日期:2020-10-27
  • 作者简介:翟丽娜(1990—),女,讲师,博士。主要研究方向为功能防护性服装,仿生传感技术。E-mail:lina.zhai@zstu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(2232020G-08);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ20E060002);浙江省自然科学基金项目(Y17E060034)

Development and current state of thermal sensors used for testing thermal protective clothing

ZHAI Li'na1(), LI Jun2,3, YANG Yunchu1   

  1. 1. School of International Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    2. College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Clothing Design and Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
  • Received:2019-11-28 Revised:2020-07-07 Online:2020-10-15 Published:2020-10-27

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摘要：

为揭示热传感器的测评规律和当前相关研究的不足,通过对热传感器相关研究及历史文献的梳理和对比,分析归纳了热传感器的类别,各类热传感器的结构特征、信息采集方法、传热模拟模型、应用场景及测评特点。研究表明:铜片式传感器测试稳定性好,但其热学性能与人体皮肤有一定差异,存在低估烧伤发生的风险;皮肤模拟传感器可更为真实地模拟人体皮肤受热的热响应状态,但其应用范围受限。根据研究的发展现状可以预测,铜片式传感器的功能应用将集中在标准化测试中,皮肤模拟传感器还需要更多的技术完善,新型传感器可考虑将模拟范围扩大到皮肤内部的热性能模拟上。

关键词: 热防护服装, 热传感器, 皮肤模拟传感器, 皮肤烧伤, 热防护性能测评

Abstract:

In order to summarize the evaluation principles of the thermal sensors and to identify research gaps in this area, this paper reviewed and analyzed the construction structures, data collection methods, heat transfer models, application areas and test quality of different thermal sensors. It is understood that the copper sensors have a better test stability, while its thermal properties are too different from the human skin, which may result in an underestimation of the potential skin burn injury. Skin simulants, on the other hand, are found to be able to better simulate the thermal reaction of the human skin, but with limited applications. It is reasonable to believe that the copper sensors will be mainly used for the standard test methods in future development, and the skin simulants would need further technical improvement. It may take more considerations on the simulation of the heat transfer inside human skin for the development of the new thermal sensors.

Key words: thermal protective clothing, thermal sensor, skin simulant sensor, skin burn injury, evaluation of thermal protective performance

中图分类号: 

  • TS941.731

图1

铜质热流计示意图"

图2

Pyrocal传感器示意图"

表1

皮肤模拟传感器材料及其相应热惰性"

设计出处 年份 材料名称 材料组成 热惰性/
(J·m-2·℃-1·S-1/2)
美国NML实验室 1956 — 无机材料填充物(石英、滑石等)填充到塑性
树脂(尿素、三聚氰胺甲醛)中塑形而成		 1 218
Thermo-man假人 [25] 1974 热塑性树脂 — —
Trent等[6] 1979 玻璃纤维环氧树脂 — 1 349
明尼苏达大学[7] 1985
阿尔伯特大学[9] 1991 Colorceran 无机材料,由钙、铝、硅酸和石棉纤维混合而成 1 483
美国伍斯特理工学院[17] 2004 Macor? 无机材料,55%氟金云母和45%硼硅玻璃 1 704
东华大学[26] 2018

图3

皮肤模拟传感器的结构"

图4

皮肤仿生模拟传感层及传感装置 注:1—皮肤模拟层;2—皮下组织模拟层;3—热电偶;4—绝热隔热容器;5—转换头;6—支撑板。"

图5

铜片传感器和皮肤模拟传感器的不同传热模拟模型"

图6

25 kW/m2热辐射暴露条件下铜质传感器、皮肤模拟传感器及人体皮肤数值模拟的表面温升曲线图"

表2

铜片传感器和皮肤模拟传感器的应用特征对比"

应用特征 传热模型 响应速度 信号稳定性 耐温程度 便捷与耐用性 皮肤的模拟效果
金属类传感器 集总热容模型 较快 信号稳定性较好 可达1 000 ℃ 便捷耐用 无法模拟皮肤的温度响应曲线
皮肤模拟传感器 内部均匀温度场 较慢 信号容易受到干扰 最高为300~400 ℃ 不易清洗 与人体皮肤的温升响应曲线较吻合
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