超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的无卤阻燃整理

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20200202607

纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 109-115.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200202607

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的无卤阻燃整理

杨雅茹¹^,²(), 沈小军¹^,², 唐柏林¹^,², 牛梅³

1.嘉兴学院材料与纺织工程学院, 浙江嘉兴 314001
2.嘉兴学院浙江省纱线材料成型与复合加工技术研究重点实验室, 浙江嘉兴 314001
3.太原理工大学轻纺工程学院, 山西晋中 030600

收稿日期:2020-02-13 修回日期:2020-07-11 出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2020-11-26
作者简介:杨雅茹(1991—),女,讲师,博士。主要研究方向为功能纺织材料及阻燃材料。E-mail: yyr0515@zjxu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(201706930007);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51902135);浙江省纱线材料成型与复合加工技术研究重点实验室开放基金项目(MTC2020-09);浙江省纱线材料成型与复合加工技术研究重点实验室开放基金项目(MTC2019-12)

Halogen-free flame retardant finishing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber

YANG Yaru¹^,²(), SHEN Xiaojun¹^,², TANG Bolin¹^,², NIU Mei³

1. College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
2. Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
3. College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, China

Received:2020-02-13 Revised:2020-07-11 Online:2020-11-15 Published:2020-11-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维的阻燃性能,采用兼具阻燃和抑烟作用的氢氧化镁包覆碳微球(MH-CMSs)作为阻燃剂,以钛酸四丁酯和亚磷酸三苯酯作为活化剂,依次通过除杂—活化—浸轧—烘焙的方法对UHMWPE纤维进行阻燃改性。测试了纤维的阻燃性能、力学性能以及热稳定性,研究其阻燃作用机制。结果表明:该方法能在不损害UHMWPE纤维力学性能的同时有效提高其阻燃性能;与纯UHMWPE纤维相比,经阻燃整理后得到的FR-UHMWPE纤维的极限氧指数(LOI值)可提高36%以上,峰值热释放速率降低幅度达39.3%,且纤维的发烟和熔滴现象也得到改善,火灾危险性显著降低;FR-UHMWPE纤维表现出凝聚相阻燃机制,阻燃整理促进了UHMWPE热降解成炭,使其在燃烧时形成了致密连续的炭层,该炭层能有效阻止热与质的传递,从而起到阻燃作用。

关键词: 高性能纤维, 超高分子量聚乙烯, 阻燃整理, 无卤阻燃, 阻燃机制

Abstract:

In order to improve the flame retardant properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber, carbon microspheres coated by magnesium hydroxide (MH-CMSs), which have both flame retardant and smoke suppression effect, were used as flame retardants, and tetrabutyl titanate and triphenyl phosphite were used as surfactants. The UHMWPE fibers were modified using the procedure of impurity removal—activation—padding—baking. The flame retardant properties, mechanical properties and thermal stability of these fibers were tested, and the flame retardant mechanism was studied. The research results show that this method is able to improve effectively the flame retardancy of UHMWPE fiber without harming its mechanical properties. Compared with pure UHMWPE fiber, the limited oxygen index of flame retardant UHMWPE (FR-UHMWPE) fiber is increased more than 36%, the peak heat release rate is reduced by up to 39.3%. In addition, smoke and molten droplets of the UHMWPE fibers are suppressed, and the fire risk is significantly reduced. The FR-UHMWPE fiber exhibits condensed phase flame retardant mechanism. The flame retardant finishing promotes the degradation of UHMWPE into carbon, which forms a dense and continuous char layer during the combustion process. This char layer can effectively prevent the transfer of heat and mass, and thus has a flame retardant effect.

Key words: high-performance fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, flame retardant finishing, halogen-free flame retardant, flame retardant mechanism

中图分类号:

TH145.23

杨雅茹, 沈小军, 唐柏林, 牛梅. 超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的无卤阻燃整理[J]. 纺织学报, 2020, 41(11): 109-115.

YANG Yaru, SHEN Xiaojun, TANG Bolin, NIU Mei. Halogen-free flame retardant finishing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(11): 109-115.

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样品	质量增加率/%	LOI值/ %	续燃时间/ s	融滴数
纯UHMWPE纤维	—	17.5	燃尽	16
1^# FR-UHMWPE纤维	9.5	23.8	10	12
2^# FR-UHMWPE纤维	15.6	24.6	6	5
3^# FR-UHMWPE纤维	21.4	24.1	5	3

样品	TTI/s	pk-HRR/ (kW·m^-2)	THR/ (MJ·m²)	TSR/ m³	TTI/ pk-HRR
纯UHMWPE纤维	3	169.7	24.9	204.1	0.018
1^#FR-UHMWPE纤维	13	168.3	23.2	110.8	0.077
2^#FR-UHMWPE纤维	17	119.1	17.7	99.1	0.143
3^#FR-UHMWPE纤维	15	102.9	19.4	127.4	0.146

样品	断裂强度/ (cN·dtex^-1)	断裂强力/ N	断裂伸长率/ %
纯UHMWPE纤维	33.0	350	3.0
1^# FR-UHMWPE纤维	34.1	355	2.5
2^# FR-UHMWPE纤维	35.8	370	2.2
3^# FR-UHMWPE纤维	38.5	383	2.1

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的无卤阻燃整理

Halogen-free flame retardant finishing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber

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