纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 54-58.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200303105

• 纺织工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

开放/封闭空气层对阻燃织物热防护性能的影响

王琦1, 田苗1,2(), 苏云1,2, 李俊1,2, 余梦凡1, 许霄1   

  1. 1.东华大学 服装与艺术设计学院, 上海 200051
    2.东华大学 现代服装设计与技术教育部重点实验室, 上海 200051
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-11 修回日期:2020-07-31 出版日期:2020-12-15 发布日期:2020-12-23
  • 通讯作者: 田苗
  • 作者简介:王琦(1997—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为功能服装与服装舒适性。
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(2232020G-08);上海市教育委员会、上海市教育发展基金会“晨光计划”项目(18CG76);上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划项目(19YF1400600);上海市设计学Ⅳ类高峰学科资助项目(DA19202)

Effect of open/closed air layer on thermal protective performance of flame-resistant fabrics

WANG Qi1, TIAN Miao1,2(), SU Yun1,2, LI Jun1,2, YU Mengfan1, XU Xiao1   

  1. 1. College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Clothing Design and Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
  • Received:2020-03-11 Revised:2020-07-31 Online:2020-12-15 Published:2020-12-23
  • Contact: TIAN Miao

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摘要：

为探究衣下空气层间的传热方式对阻燃织物外观性能和阻燃织物系统传热机制的影响,基于热防护性能(TPP) 实验装置,构建开放式和封闭式空气层以模拟实际着装时“服装-人体皮肤”的空间关系。利用彩色图像处理方法对比热暴露前后的织物外观和热收缩情况,从能量传递、TPP值和二级烧伤时间角度评估“织物-空气层”系统的传热特性和热防护性能。结果表明:空气层的介入会降低热传递效率,进而提升阻燃织物的热防护性能,但会加速织物老化,加剧织物热收缩;当打开空气层与周围环境热量交换的通路时,空气层间热量的流动路径变复杂,且织物的热防护性能进一步提升。

关键词: 阻燃织物, 开放空气层, 封闭空气层, 传热方式, 热防护性能

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of heat transfer modes on appearance and thermal protective performance of thermal protective clothing with an air layer, the thermal protective performance (TPP) tester was established to simulate the actual spatial relationship between the human skin and garment with an open or closed air layer. Color image processing was used to evaluate the shrinkage of the fabrics before and after the heat exposure. The heat transfer and thermal protective performance of the “fabric-air layer” system were evaluated from the perspectives of energy transfer, TPP value and second degree burn time. Experimental results reveal that the presence of air layer decreases the heat transfer efficiency and improves the thermal protective performance of the flame-resistant fabrics. However, it also accelerates the aging and thermal shrinkage of the fabrics. When the heat exchange path between the air layer and the surrounding environment is opened, the fluid flow of heat within the air space becomes much sophisticated, and the thermal protective performance of fabric is further improved.

Key words: flame-resistant fabric, open air layer, closed air layer, heat transfer mode, thermal protective performance

中图分类号: 

  • TS941.73

表1

实验织物基本性能特征"

试样
编号		 织物名称 纤维成分及含量 组织
结构		 织物密度/
(根·(10 cm)-1)		 面密度/
(g·m-2)		 厚度/
mm
经向 纬向
N1 Nomex®ШA 间位芳纶/对位芳纶/抗静电纤维(93/5/2) 平纹 184 160 240 0.50
N2 Nomex®ШA 间位芳纶/对位芳纶/抗静电纤维(93/5/2) 平纹 143 153 250 0.52
N3 Kevlar 对位芳纶/间位芳纶(60/40) 平纹 214 192 200 0.34

图1

3种空气层示意图 注:qcond为入射热流的传导部分;qrad为入射热流的辐射部分;qconv为入射热流的对流部分。"

图2

热暴露4.5 s后试样的外观变化"

表2

TPP实验后N1、N2试样的面积保持率"

空气层形式 热暴露时间/s RN1/% RN2/%
无空气层 3.5 99.8 90.1
4.5 95.0 86.9
5.5 93.9 86.1
封闭式
空气层		 3.5 94.2 87.8
4.5 90.0 87.3
5.5 92.1 85.4
开放式
空气层		 3.5 94.0 85.2
4.5 92.6 82.5
5.5 86.6 81.9

表3

传感器温度升高情况"

空气层形式 热暴露时间/s ΔT1/℃ ΔT2/℃ ΔT3/℃
3.5 2.73 3.10 5.43
无空气层 4.5 6.27 6.77 11.10
5.5 12.80 11.80 18.90
封闭式
空气层		 3.5 1.23 1.40 2.43
4.5 3.17 3.33 4.83
5.5 5.97 5.63 8.83
开放式
空气层		 3.5 0.70 0.87 1.53
4.5 1.90 2.20 3.43
5.5 2.83 4.57 7.20

表4

织物的TPP值和二级烧伤时间"

试样
编号		 无空气层 封闭式空气层 开放式空气层
TPP值/
(kW·s·m-2)		 t2/s TPP值/
(kW·s·m-2)		 t2/s TPP值/
(kW·s·m-2)		 t2/s
N1 10.6 5.3 14.2 7.3 16.0 8.2
N2 11.3 5.8 17.2 8.8 19.9 10.2
N3 8.0 4.0 13.0 6.5 14.7 7.4
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